膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染问题

这了各国研究者针对膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题所作的工作，认为膜本身的性质以及废水组成和工艺条件都是造成膜污染的主要原因，利用反冲洗和清洗手段，可以有效地改善膜的性能，以提高膜的寿命，膜生物反应器技术的改进是避免膜污染的新思路。     

牡丹江流域水质变化趋势及水环境污染特征研究

通过对牡丹江近10年水质监测、评价及变化趋势研究,采用单项污染指数评价法、环境功能区达标评价法,评价牡丹江丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质现状,给出超标项目与超标倍数,计算污染分担率、污染负荷比,绘制主要污染物各断面浓度变化图,总结牡丹江污染特点和水质变化趋势,得出牡丹江水环境污染特征,为环境管理提供科学依据。     

大伙房水库上游地区农业面源污染现状及防治措施

通过对大伙房水库上游地区农业面源污染现状的调查研究,提出减轻农业面源污染的具体防治措施,即采用培育生物天敌、控制农药使用量、水田改为旱田和控制灌溉水的方法控制氮磷流失,从而保护水源地生态环境。     

设施叶菜类蔬菜重金属镉、铅和砷累积特征及健康风险评价

近年来京津冀地区春季扬沙、秋冬季节雾或霾频发,大气可吸入颗粒物尤其是PM2.5可负载镉铅砷等重金属,易被叶菜类蔬菜(叶菜)吸收并在可食部位累积,设施叶菜类蔬菜可食部位重金属的累积是否同样受大气沉降的影响.对此,以京津冀地区常见6种叶菜类蔬菜——菠菜、油麦菜、生菜、小白菜、茼蒿和茴香为主要对象,采用田间试验,探索了大棚叶...     

Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes

The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution.     

内蒙古自治区国家环保重点城市近五年环境空气质量现状研究

本文通过对呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市3个国家环保重点城市近五年的环境空气质量监测结果的整理统计,分析、评价了呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市的环境空气质量现状及主要污染物的变化趋势,结果表明：与2005年相比,呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市的空气质量均有明显改善。     

第一次全国污染源普查数据处理和分析软件关键技术最佳实践

结合第一次全国污染源普查数据采集处理和分析软件的应用过程,对第一次全国污染源普查数据采集和处理的背景、流程、技术框架和主要建设内容等进行了介绍,并对软件的成功实施和关键技术的最佳实践进行了研究,为下一次全国污染源普查提供了技术积累。     

河流水环境质量评价研究——对评价系统、评价方法的新探讨

本文旨在对河流水环境资源中水质、水量二要素的评价以及对定量、定性数据的综合评价进行方法论上的探讨。文中提出了模糊数学评价的改进方法,建立了一套水量评价标准和评价方法;建立了“优势度”概念并提出了水质、水量多目标定量、定性数据综合评价方法。以四川省沱江为例,对上述方法进行验证,根据评价结果划分河段,并对各河段的水资源合理利用及水环境规划提出建议。     

Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides （DDTs and HCHs） in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.     

DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下应用与探讨

随着经济社会的发展,突发性水质污染事故日趋增多。因此能够快速、准确测定水质状况是环境应急监测的一项重要工作。在一起水厂取水口有人投药打鱼事故中,采用DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下快速检测事发地水质,结果表明快速、高效的检测为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。