Effect of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) adsorption by a polyvinylidene fluoride-based chelating membrane from Cu(II)–EDTA complex solution

A polyvinylidene fluoride-based membrane bearing the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelating group was employed to recover Cu(II) from the Cu(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex aqueous solution. Effects of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) uptake were investigated by static batch adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption filtration. Isotherms, kinetics, and breakthrough curves of Cu(II) uptakes in the presence of the three cations at concentrations of 1 mmol L^?1 were elucidated. The three cations showed a positive effect on the Cu(II) uptake; the stimulative roles were in the order of Fe(III) > Fe(II) > Ca(II). They did not alter the adsorption behavior of the membrane; adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be described by Langmuir and Lagergren second-order models, and Cu(II) adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The presence of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) increased the sorption capacity of the membrane stack by 1.3, 1.9, and 3 times. Breakthrough time and the exhaustion time of membrane stacks were also extended.     

改进群组AHP-FCE法对路域的生态环境影响评价研究--以河南省栾川至卢氏高速公路为例

为了全面准确的评价公路建设对生态环境的影响程度,基于高速公路建设特点,从社会环境、生态环境、声环境、地表水环境、隧道对地下水环境影响及环境空气六方面构建评价指标体系,结合改进的群组AHP法,构建了改进的群组AHP-FCE相结合的评价模型,对河南省栾川至卢氏高速公路进行生态影响评价。结果表明,指标权重的比例分配更为合理客观,凸显了社会环境因素在评价中的作用,改进模型的评价结果更符合生态环境实际情况相符,表明该方法应用于生态环境评价方面具有较好的适用性和推广价值。     

残疾人疏散安全研究现状与发展趋势

从残疾人类别、个体疏散能力与群体影响以及疏散环境3个方面汇总分析了目前国内外残疾人疏散安全研究现状,认为今后该研究方向应重点研究和解决以下6个问题,即残疾人的分类、对各类别进行系统研究、扩大样本量、残疾群体与健康群体在疏散过程中的相互影响、残疾人运动能力与运动距离的关系以及疏散环境对残疾人疏散能力的影响。     

The change of European landscapes: human-nature relationships, public attitudes towards rewilding, and the implications for landscape management in Switzerland

The rewilding of landscapes is one of the most important and intensively discussed landscape changes occurring in Switzerland, as the need for agricultural and forest land is decreasing. To ensure that decisions concerning future landscape management will be supported by the public, it is crucial to take public opinion into account. Hence the present study aims to assess the public attitudes towards nature and "rewilding" processes. In order to analyze these attitudes, we sent a standardized questionnaire to 4000 randomly selected households throughout Switzerland. A cluster analysis led to a typology with four different types of human-nature relationship ("nature lovers", "nature sympathizers", "nature-connected users" and "nature controllers") that each characterize a particular attitude towards nature. These human-nature relationship types differ in their attitudes towards rewilding as well, allowing a rough classification of the sample into wilderness opponents (51.1%) and wilderness proponents (49.9%). However both groups agree with regard to their opinion concerning the rules and regulations that should apply in future wilderness areas. The parallels of the human-nature relationship typology of this survey with other typologies, and the implications for further research are discussed. We can conclude that, due to the differences concerning the attitudes towards wilderness between the human-nature relationship types, between the rural and urban dwellers, and between the language regions, a uniform strategy for the designation and management of wilderness areas in Switzerland is not possible. We recommend that, when managing landscape change, all stakeholders are included in a participatory process and we advise a thorough assessment of the attitudes of the involved persons towards nature and rewilding at the start of such processes. Such an assessment would facilitate the identification of well-defined target groups allowing specific interventions and management actions customized to the needs and characteristics of each of these groups. In addition we see the commonalities between wilderness opponents and wilderness proponents concerning the rules in wilderness areas as an ideal starting point for a successful participatory process.     

巯基改性活性炭对水溶液中汞的吸附性能研究

利用活性炭与巯基乙酸间的酯化反应,制备了巯基改性活性炭AC-SH,并通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水溶液中汞的吸附性能。研究结果表明,该改性方法可以在活性炭上嫁接2.31 mmol/g的巯基,AC-SH对汞的最大吸附容量高达556 mg/g;AC-SH的适用pH值范围非常广,在pH 1.5～10.5范围内其对汞的吸附去除率均达到90％以上,最佳吸附pH值范围为3～7;氯离子对AC-SH的吸附性能具有一定的抑制作用,原因在于它能和汞离子络合形成一系列吸附性能较差的Hg-Cl络合物。     

关于在环保企业集团成立企业管理机构的思考

文章分析了目前国内大型环保企业集团企业管理中存在的主要问题,提出了在环保企业集团成立企业管理机构对各子公司进行有效控制和管理的必要性和措施。     

Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in different ecophysiological groups of earthworms in forest soils

Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd and Pb by eight ecophysiologically distinct earthworm species was studied in 27 polluted and uncontaminated forest soils. Lowest tissue concentrations of Hg and Cd occurred in epigeic Lumbricus rubellus and highest in endogeic Octolasion cyaneum. Soils dominated by Dendrodrilus rubidus possess a high potential of risk of Pb biomagnification for secondary predators. Bioconcentration factors (soil-earthworm) followed the sequence ranked Cd > Hg > Pb. Ordination plots of redundancy analysis were used to compare HM concentrations in earthworm tissues with soil, leaf litter and root concentrations and with soil pH and CEC. Different ecological categories of earthworms are exposed to Hg, Cd and Pb in the topsoil by atmospheric deposition and accumulate them in their bodies. Species differences in HM concentrations largely reflect differences in food selectivity and niche separation.     

基于多准则群体决策模型的生态工业园区建设模式决策研究

将层次分析法和系统聚类法相结合,构建了多准则群体决策模型,对生态工业园区(EIP)建设模式的决策进行了探讨.从影响EIP建设模式决策的建场基本条件、经济效益、环境影响及社会制约因素等出发,建立多准则的层次分析模型,运用系统聚类分析对专家群进行分类,对于人数多的类赋予较大的权重系数,最后计算了综合多数专家意见的群体决策的判断权重,得出EIP建设模式的先后次序.将该法应用于郑州市惠济区的实证分析,9位专家进行群体决策,新建型、改造型、虚拟型EIP的综合权重分别为0.206,0.322和0.472,故惠济区的最佳建设模式是建设虚拟型EIP,该结果符合当地实际情况.该模型可综合专家决策意见,使结果更为可靠,可为其他EIP建设模式的决策问题提供借鉴.      

红外光度法测定水中矿物油的技术和应用

系统讨论了红外光度法测定水中矿物油的原理、技术特性及应用中的种种技术问题,着重探讨了多基团带权重累加法定量原理,并推导了三波长红外光谱法测油数学模型.     

含油污泥中不同族组分的脱附特性研究

针对含油污泥的热水脱附处理方法,在优化脱附工艺条件下,研究不同单组分脱附剂对含油污泥中各族组分的脱附特性,并据此复配脱附剂,研究各复配脱附剂对含油污泥中不同族组分的脱附特性.结果表明,聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂对含油污泥的脱附效率优于多元醇型非离子表面活性剂; 各脱附剂对饱和烃、芳烃的脱附效率高于对胶质沥青质的脱附效率; 带脂肪链的脱附剂对饱和烃的脱附效率较高,带苯环的脱附剂对芳烃的脱附效率较高; 脱附剂亲油基与族组分的亲和性越强,脱附剂对该族组分的脱附效率越高.研究表明,根据各单组分脱附剂对不同族组分的脱附特性复配高效脱附剂的方法可行,复配脱附剂NP-8 5 & AEO-8 5对含油污泥的脱附效率可达89.40%.