纳米氧化锌的制备及其对对硝基氯苯的降解

采用蒸发氧化法制备纳米ZnO。当炉温为1100℃、空气流量为0．6m^3／h、锌粒加入量为5g时,得到高纯度类四锥体和柱形纳米ZnO。以该ZnO为光催化剂,对对硝基氯苯进行光催化氧化,考察了ZnO的加入量、对硝基氯苯的初始浓度、溶液pH等对对硝基氯苯降解率的影响。在ZnO质量浓度为0．5g／L、对硝基氯苯质量浓度为30mg／L、pH为7、光照时间为100min的条件下,对硝基氯苯降解率为98％。     

沉积物和土壤中磷的生物有效性评估新方法

利用自制的氧化铁/醋酸纤维素复合膜(FeO/CAM)发展了一种沉积物和土壤磷的生物有效性评估的新方法. 结果表明:从沉积物和土壤中解吸的生物有效磷(FeO-P)含量随时间增加而增加,至16～20h左右,解吸过程接近平衡;随着土/水比增大而减小,至20～30g/L左右逐渐趋于平缓,且相对标准偏差较小;膜面积为20～30cm²时FeO-P含量差别较小,且相对标准偏差也较小;适当提高振荡频率(一般200r/min左右),有利于促进FeO-P的提取动力学过程.在用于评估水体沉积物和土壤解吸磷的生物有效性方面,FeO/CAM膜克服了氧化铁浸渍滤纸的缺点,易于商品化,具有更好的应用前景.     

同步硝化反硝化处理氨氮废水过程中气态脱氮产物的研究

采用密闭的间歇式反应器对高质量浓度氨氮废水在同步硝化反硝化(SND)生物脱氮过程中产生的3种氮氧化物气体(NO,NO2和N2O)进行跟踪测试.结果表明,在由反应器排出的气体中,ρ(NO2)不高于实验室背景值,在脱氮产物中可忽略不计,而ρ(NO)和ρ(N2O)要高于背景值10倍以上.对于该脱氮系统,在低ρ(DO)和高pH的条件下产生的N2O相对较少.ρ(DO)为1.5～3.0 mg/L时,以NO和N2O形式脱除的氮分别占脱氮总量的0.58%和6.53%;ρ(DO) 为2.5～4.0 mg/L时,分别为0.48%和39.34%.此外,还分析了可实施的N2O控逸途径.      

外源NO对Cu胁迫下番茄幼苗L-精氨酸代谢的影响

一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)作为生物活性分子,广泛参与各种生物和非生物胁迫。采用营养液培养,研究Cu胁迫下番茄体内L-精氨酸、NO、多胺代谢对外源NO的响应机制,以期为铜污染区域蔬菜种植提供科学依据和技术支持。结果表明,Cu胁迫下添加外源SNP(硝普钠,外源NO供体)能够调节番茄根系和叶片中精氨酸脱羧酶(Arginine Decarboxylase,ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(Ornithine Decarboxylase,ODC)及一氧化氮合酶(Nitric Oxide Synthase,NOS)活性。根系中,外源SNP能够上调NOS活性,L-精氨酸代谢向着NO合成方向进行;叶片中,外源SNP能够同时上调ADC、ODC、NOS活性,PA、NO的合成同时进行;此外,Cu胁迫下添加外源SNP能够增加根系和叶片L-精氨酸含量,而作为PA、NO的合成前体,精氨酸含量升高无疑会间接促进PA、NO的合成,从而提高番茄对Cu胁迫的抵抗能力。     

Investigating the phenol removal from aqueous media by photocatalytic magnetized graphene oxide nanocomposite

As a large and diverse group of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are one of the most common chemical pollutants present in water resources. these compounds can have toxic effects on ecosystems and humans. Therefore, their removal from water sources appears to be of great importance. In this study, a magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) photocatalyst was synthesized and used to remove phenol from water. The fabricated GO magnetic nanocomposites were determined by SEM and FTIR techniques. Afterward, these nanoparticles were used to remove phenol from aquatic media considering different operational parameters, including pH of the solution, initial concentration of phenol, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that the magnetized GO nanoparticles could remove 90.83% of phenol molecules under the optimal conditions of solution pH = 3.0, initial phenol concentration of 20 mg/L, adsorbent concentration of 300 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min. additionally have compared the results of UV, Fe₃O₄/GO, and Fe₃O₄/GO/UV on the removal of phenol under optimum conditions. Accordingly, the phenol removal efficiencies for UV alone, Fe₃O₄/GO, and Fe₃O₄/GO/UV were obtained at 4.5, 65.73, and 90.83%, respectively. Based on the findings, the prepared magnetic GO nanoparticles have extended capabilities such as easy and rapid separation from sample and high potential in removing phenolic compounds, so, it can be introduced as an appropriate adsorbent for removal of this pollutant from water and wastewater.     

L-谷氨酸改性氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附

采用L-谷氨酸（L-Glu）改性氧化石墨烯（GO）制备吸附剂L-Glu/GO,并进行了XRD、FTIR和SEM表征。考察了不同因素对L-Glu/GO吸附Cu²⁺的影响,并对L-Glu/GO的吸附-解吸能力进行了研究。实验结果表明：L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附在10 min内就可达到吸附平衡;在Cu²⁺初始质量浓度为70 mg/L、初始pH为5、L-Glu/GO投加量为0.200 g/L、吸附时间为120 min、吸附温度为30 ℃的条件下,L-Glu/GO的最大吸附量可达292.460 mg/g。准二级动力学和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合此吸附过程,且显示该吸附过程可促进L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附。热力学研究结果表明该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程。经过5次吸附-解吸循环后,L-Glu/GO对Cu²⁺的吸附率仍在92%以上,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可重复使用。     

南京北郊春季地面臭氧与氮氧化物浓度特征

2009年3—5月,采用NO-NO2-NH3分析仪和O3分析仪对南京市北郊大气O3、NO、NO2和NOx浓度进行连续观测,研究南京北郊春季大气臭氧与氮氧化物浓度变化特征。结果表明:O3浓度的日变化呈单峰型结构,白天较高,夜晚较低,在06:00左右出现最低值,14:00左右出现峰值,且工作日的O3浓度值明显高于周末的O3浓度值。NOx的日变化呈现双峰型变化规律,早上07:00左右出现第1个峰值,下午14:00—15:00左右达到最低值,午夜23:00左右出现第2个峰值。从3—5月份,NO浓度明显下降,3月份的变化幅度比较大;NO2浓度则明显上升,5月份变化幅度较大。3—5月NO与O3之间呈显著的负相关关系,4—5月NO2、NOx与O3呈显著的负相关关系。     

用于臭氧分解的负载型双金属催化剂

研究了催化剂载体外形和活性成分对催化剂性能的影响和其他污染物的反应对室内空气造成的二次污染。通过XPS分析说明了反应过程中催化剂表面发生的化学变化及反应机理。最终论述了臭氧分解的重要性以及该催化剂的高活性和长寿命。     

Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 over CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under simulated sunlight

The novel CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite oxide photocatalysts were prepared by simple co-precipitation method, and characterized by X- ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of CuO-SnO2, evaluated using the photodegradation of Acid Blue 62 as a probe reaction under the irradiation of Xenon light, were also found to be related to the calcination temperature and the molar ratio of Cu to Sn. The maximum photocatalytic activity of the CuO-SnO2 photocatalyst was observed to be calcined at 500~C for 3 h （the molar ratio of Cu to Sn was 1：1） due to the sample with good crystallization and high surface area. It also showed much higher photocatalytic activity in treatment dye wastewater under simulated sunlight irradiation compared to Degussa P25 TiO2.     

氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管低压膜抗污染性能研究

为提高碳纳米材料低压膜污染的可恢复性和强化其灭菌效果,本研究将氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO)与聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol,PEG)非共价改性后的多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotube,MWCNT)以两种结构形式(共混式/嵌入式)负载到0.45 μm聚醚砜片式膜表面,制备了共混式/嵌入式GO-MWCNT低压膜.进而研究了GO-MWCNT不同结构形式对处理典型污染物(牛血清蛋白、腐殖酸、海藻酸钠)过程中膜污染情况的影响.实验结果显示,MWCNT中GO的添加,可使碳纳米材料膜孔径分布更集中,纯水通量在2.011 L·m^-2·h^-1·kPa^-1以上,属于低压膜的运行范围.在处理小尺寸牛血清蛋白的膜滤过程中,采用共混结构(M系列)的GO-MWCNT膜,缓解污染效果优于顶层嵌入结构(I系列);在处理较大尺寸的腐殖酸、海藻酸钠的膜滤过程中,采用顶层嵌入结构(I系列)的GO-MWCNT膜,缓解污染效果优于共混结构(M系列).GO的添加使得碳纳米材料低压膜的抗蛋白质黏附性能得到有效提高,在保证膜表面粗糙度不会大幅度提高的前提下,添加0.2 mg GO的抗蛋白黏附效果优于添加0.5 mg GO.共混式/嵌入式GO-MWCNT膜均可以充分发挥GO边缘切割杀菌作用,GO投加量与灭菌性能呈正相关.其中,共混结构(M系列)的GO-MWCNT膜灭菌效果优于顶层嵌入结构(I系列).