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981.
In this study, we present the application of the passive microwave emission models to snow-cover environment monitoring and
assessment in Northeast China. The study employs the radiative transfer function and strong fluctuation theory to develop
the models. We used the exponential form of a spherical symmetric correlation function to describe random permittivity fluctuations.
From strong fluctuation, we then obtained the phase matrix and extinction coefficients of snow-packs for the spherical symmetric
correlation function. We also used the vector radiative transfer formula for the layer of a random medium by solving Gaussian
quadrature and eigen analysis. By comparing the brightness temperatures at 5, 10.7, 18, and 37 GHz, the modelling results
agreed with experimental data of dry-snow physical parameters as measured in the fieldwork. 相似文献
982.
A geographic information system (GIS)-based approach with spatial analysis advantages was developed to optimize the total
emission control scheme on air pollution in Lanzhou, combined with Models-3 modeling system and a linear programming model.
GIS system is mainly used for establishing a multifactor assessment model to quantitatively divide environmental functional
zone, and also used for selecting control sites in linear programming model. The results show that most of the urban area
belongs to the second type of function, which is 122.8 km2 occupying about 76.5% and the third type of about 32.9 km2 occupying 20.5%. To reach the air quality up to the national standard in the entire control area, some large-emission factories
need to cut emissions from 19% to 27%. For small but low-emission height sources, the cut may be as high 40%. The improvement
of the ecological environment is urgently needed for controlling the background particle pollution in Lanzhou city. 相似文献
983.
湖北省农地利用碳排放时空特征与脱钩弹性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
基于化肥、农药、农膜、农用柴油、翻耕、稻田6个主要方面的碳源,测算了湖北省1995~2009年及其地、市、州2008年的农地利用碳排放量。结果表明:(1)自1995年以来,湖北农地利用碳排量总体呈现“上升-下降-上升”的三阶段特征,其碳排放强度变化轨迹与此基本一致。(2)区域差异明显:农地碳排放总量,江汉平原、鄂东北地区高,鄂西、鄂东南地区较低;农地碳排放强度,总体呈现东高西低的特征,即鄂东>鄂中>鄂西。进一步运用Tapio脱钩模型对湖北省农地利用碳排放与农业经济发展间的脱钩关系进行了研究,发现以弱脱钩和强脱钩为主,可见近些年来农地利用碳减排取得了一定成效 相似文献
984.
Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
JIANG Bin ZHENG Hai-long HUANG Guo-qiang DING Hui LI Xin-gang SUO Hong-tu LI Rui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(3):306-311
In this study sediment samples were collected from 13 sites of Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, sixteen of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in USEPA were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAH ranged from 774.81 to 255371.91 ng/g dw, and two to four rings of PAHs were dominant in sediment samples. Molecular ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH, were used to study the possible sources of pollution. It indicated a mixed pattern of parolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in sediments in Haihe River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly derived from the leakage of refined products, e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil vehicle traffics or gas stations from urban area. The pyrolytic PAHs might be from the discharge of industrial wastewater and the emission of atmospheric particles from petrochemical factories. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the urban and industrial areas are far beyond the values reported from other rivers and marine systems reported. This situation may be due to polluted discharging from some petrochemical industrial manufactories and worse traffic conditions in Tianjin. 相似文献
985.
The wetlands play an important role in carbon storage, especially at high latitudes, at which they store nearly one-third of global soil carbons. However, few studies have investigated the emissions of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O in the long-term, especially effects of freeze-thaw cycles on these gases emissions in freshwater marsh ecosystems. In this paper, we collected greenhouse gas emission data from a freshwater marsh area in China for 4 years, evaluated their release variables and speculated on their potential atmospheric impact. For this paper, we report on the CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O emission rates recorded from June 2002 to November 2005 in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China. We measured their interannual variations and fluctuations, as well as factors affecting their emissions, and estimated their regulation and freeze-thaw cycle impacts. Our results revealed obvious CO(2) and CH(4) emission fluctuations during the winter months, and during the freeze-thaw cycle, and a strong interannual variation during the growing season. Overall, we documented a close relationship between the CO(2) and CH(4) emissions, implicating some regulatory commonality. We determined that the marsh was a N(2)O sink during the winter, but a significant source of N(2)O during the freeze-thaw cycle as the temperature increased, especially in early summer. During the thaw-freeze period, the N(2)O levels were positively correlated with the water depth. Additionally, water depth greatly governed the interannual variation of the N(2)O emissions from the marshes during the thaw-freeze period. 相似文献
986.
水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在室内培养条件下,测定了水稻土中含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中有硫化氢(H2S),羰基硫(COS),二甲基硫(DMS)三种气体释放.当土壤中加入半胱氨酸后,COS和H2S气体的浓度有了明显增加,并有CS2和CH3SH测出,而DMS的浓度变化不大.这些结果表明半胱氨酸的分解可能是 COS,H2S,CS2和 CH3SH的产生源之一.在好氧(正常大气)条件下,H2S,COS,CS2和CH3SH的释放量低于厌氧(氮气氛围)条件下的释放量,DMS则高于厌氧条件下.这表明水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生 H2S,COS,CS2和 CH3SH需较强的还原条件,产生这四种气体的微生物需要严格的厌氧条件.产生DMS的微生物则比前者需要高一些的含氧量.在光照条件下,各含硫气体的释放量普遍高于无光照条件下的释放量.释放含硫气体的大多数微生物适宜的含水率为50%且对土壤的pH值有一定要求. 相似文献
987.
太湖零点行动前后水质状况对比分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据 1 998年 1 1月和 1 999年 1 0月的监测数据 ,对零点行动前后太湖各监测点位的水质状况及DO、CODMn、TP、TN、Chla等主要指标的空间分布进行了对比 ,发现污染状况并未得到明显改善 ,除了人为因素外 ,非点源污染的贡献和底泥营养物质的释放是影响水质改善的 2个重要因素 相似文献
988.
Grochowalski A Lassen C Holtzer M Sadowski M Hudyma T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):326-332
Background The aim of the project was to measure the actual emissions of PCDD/F, PCBs and HCB from 20 selected metallurgical installations
in Poland, in order to update the national inventory of dioxin emission from metallurgical industry for developing a strategy
for dioxins and furans emission abatement from the subject facilities (UNEP 2005).
Methods Sampling methodology used in this work was developed at the Cracow University of Technology because of the complexity of simultaneous
sampling and determining PCDFs, PCDDs, PCB and HCB. For the determination a GC-MS/MS system was used.
Results and Discussion Results from the work indicate that the highest dioxins and PCB concentrations were recorded for iron ore sintering plants
at 1.10–1.32 ng total1 TEQ/Nm3 followed by aluminium scrap melting at 0.03–0.66 ng total TEQ/Nm3. The highest HCB concentrations at 613–1491 ng/Nm3 were also recorded for iron ore sintering plants, whereas at aluminium plants the HCB concentrations were in the range of
only 10.1–22.7 ng/Nm3.
Conclusions The above investigations indicate that secondary aluminium production is the most significant dioxins source, if calculated
as emission factor values. However, iron ore sintering plants are operating at much higher production capacity, causing this
process to become the major source of dioxins, PCB and HCB pollution to the atmosphere in Poland.
Recommendations and Perspectives Based on the performed tests and the environmental reviews of selected plants several recommendations were formulated for
the reduction of generation or of emission of these pollutants from iron ore sintering plants, electric arc furnace steel
production processes, hot-blast furnace operations, secondary aluminium smelting and primary zinc production from zinc cathodes. 相似文献
989.
990.
广西重点行业二氧化碳减排潜力分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为加快CDM项目的开发,以广西为试点,采用自下而上的方法针对其重点行业的二氧化碳减排潜力进行评价,具体地包括:高耗能工业(冶金、有色金属、建材、化工、制糖、造纸等)、电力(火电、水电、风电)、户用沼气池、木薯制燃料酒精、有机废液利用等。结果表明到2010年广西上述领域的碳减排潜力(以碳计)可达1623万t。为促进广西的可持续发展,不仅应在水电、风电、提高能效等已有方法学的领域积极开展CDM项目,还应加强其它领域如木薯制燃料酒精、户用沼气池等CDM方法学以及CDM项目的开发。 相似文献