碳氮共掺杂污泥基吸附剂去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)

以城市污水厂脱水污泥为原料,通过添加尿素等辅助材料碳化制备污泥基吸附剂。采用比表面积孔隙分布测定仪、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对吸附剂表面组成及其结构进行表征,对比研究了掺入添加剂前后碳化污泥吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为。结果表明,C/N共掺杂碳化污泥吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能较直接碳化污泥吸附剂明显提高,2种吸附剂的最佳吸附时间分别为2 h和4 h,pH是影响污泥基吸附剂吸附去除Cr（Ⅵ）的关键因素,其最适pH值均在1.0~2.5范围内。室温下C/N共掺杂污泥吸附剂吸附Cr（Ⅵ）符合Langmuir吸附模型,准二级动力学模型能很好地描述2种碳化污泥基吸附剂的吸附行为。热力学研究表明,C/N共掺杂污泥吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。     

废弃除铜吸附剂的除磷性能

为了更高效率利用除铜吸附剂,降低除磷成本,提出了一种有效、经济的废弃吸附剂的处理方式。将吸附了铜离子的磁性壳聚糖修饰氧化石墨烯（MNPs@CS@GO）,不经过洗脱,直接利用附着的铜离子用于吸附水溶液中磷酸根离子。利用红外光谱对吸附前后吸附剂的结构进行表征,并考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、振荡时间对吸附剂吸附磷酸根离子的影响,得出了最佳的吸附条件。结果表明：吸附剂饱和吸附容量为11.4 mg·g-1;吸附剂除磷的再生性良好;吸附过程能用准二级动力学模型很好地进行拟合。     

Antimony(V) removal from water by hydrated ferric oxides supported by calcite sand and polymeric anion exchanger

We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides(HFOs) using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents(denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS) were employed for Sb(V) removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb(V) removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb(V) uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb(V) than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for IOCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb(V) adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb(V) adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb(V) and HFO, and Ca(II) induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb(V) in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5 μg/L(the drinking water standard regulated by China), and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.     

Metal organic frameworks as adsorbents for dye adsorption: overview,prospects and future challenges

Considering the amount of colored waste water generated from many industries (textile, leather, paper, printing, dyestuff, and plastic) that are sent to various water bodies and the ecosystem, the search for efficient and better methods of purification still continues. With the recent research into metal organic frameworks (MOFs), there is a steady growing interest worldwide for their various applications. This article presents a review of MOFs, their application in dye adsorption and their various challenges and future prospects. It was concluded that with the current interest, research and development for various applications, there are possibilities which will bring to limelight more laboratory, industrial and environmental usage of MOFs as dye adsorbents.     

有机污泥改制含碳吸附剂工艺及应用

采用先干燥再浸溃活化流程对有机污泥进行了改制含碳吸附剂工艺研究。试验结果表明,有机污泥在活化温度为５００℃,活化剂浓度为４２％,活化时间为４０ｍｉｎ,污泥与活化溶液重量比为１：３．５的条件下,可以改制成碘值为５１２ｍｇ／ｇ以上的含碳吸附剂;并利用其处理俯含电泳漆废水和含苯酚放心水,均取得优良的净化效果。     

镧改性吸附剂废水除磷技术研究进展

磷是水体富营养化的重要限制性因子,也是废水中难以去除的物质。当前世界水体富营养化形势十分严峻,部分地区出现的水质性缺水已经影响到人们的生活和健康。随着社会对水体富营养化的关注不断提高和国家对水体富营养化的治理不断加强,排放废水中的磷含量控制越来越严格。因此,寻找高效、廉价、可行的废水除磷方法显得尤为重要。镧改性吸附剂除磷在费用投入和除磷效果等方面都具有明显优势,应用前景十分广阔。为进一步促进镧改性吸附剂除磷研究的深入开展,文章综述了镧改性吸附剂除磷的原理、常用镧改性吸附剂的种类及其研究现状、镧改性吸附剂除磷的影响因素等,展望了镧改性吸附剂除磷的应用前景,并指出了镧改性吸附剂除磷的不足和今后需要重点研究的方向。     

Zr掺杂对SBA-15上负载胺分散性及CO2吸附特性的影响

针对胺改性复合吸附剂稳定性差、负载胺分散性欠佳的问题,对介孔SBA-15进行原位Zr掺杂改性,考察了载体材料表面酸性对胺分散状态及其CO2吸附性能的影响。研究表明：载体表面酸性的增强可改善聚合胺在其孔道结构中的空间分散构型,使其暴露出更多的活性位点,由此低PEI负载量下复合吸附剂（30PEI/ZrSBA-15）对CO2的吸附容量均在99 mg·g-1以上,超过50PEI/SBA-15在优选温度75℃下的吸附容量89.8 mg·g-1;且表面酸性位与端位氨基间的结合也增进了复合吸附剂的热稳定性与循环稳定性,3次循环测试后样品的CO2吸附容量没有下降。     

Research progress of novel adsorption processes in water purification： A review

As an effective, efficient, and economic approach for water purification, adsorbents and adsorption processes have been widely studied and applied in different aspects for a long time. In the recent years, a lot of novel adsorption processes have been developed for enhancing the efficiency of removing the organic and inorganic contaminants from water. This article reviews some new adsorbents and advanced adsorption methods that specialize in their compositions, structures, functions, and characteristics used in water treatment. The review emphasizes adsorption/catalytic oxidation process, adsorption/catalytic reduction process, adsorption coupled with redox process, biomimetic sorbent and its sorption behaviors of POPs, and modified adsorbents and their water purification efficiency.     

MgO-based adsorbents for CO2 adsorption: Influence of structural and textural properties on the CO2 adsorption performance

A series of MgO-based adsorbents were prepared through solution–combustion synthesis and ball-milling process.The prepared MgO-based powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,N_2 physisorption measurements,and employed as potential adsorbents for CO_2 adsorption.The influence of structural and textural properties of these adsorbents over the CO_2 adsorption behaviour was also investigated.The results showed that MgO-based products prepared by solution–combustion and ball-milling processes,were highly porous,fluffy,nanocrystalline structures in nature,which are unique physico-chemical properties that significantly contribute to enhance their CO_2 adsorption.It was found that the MgO synthesized by solution combustion process,using a molar ratio of urea to magnesium nitrate(2:1),and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr(MgO-BM2.5h),exhibited the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 1.611 mmol/g at 25℃ and 1 atm,mainly via chemisorption.The CO_2 adsorption behaviour on the MgO-based adsorbents was correlated to their improved specific surface area,total pore volume,pore size distribution and crystallinity.The reusability of synthesized MgO-BM2.5h was confirmed by five consecutive CO_2adsorption–desorption times,without any significant loss of performance,that supports the potential of MgO-based adsorbent.The results confirmed that the special features of MgO prepared by solution–combustion and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr are favorable to be used as effective MgO-based adsorbent in post-combustion CO_2 capture technologies.     

典型天然吸附剂对重金属的吸附性能研究

天然吸附剂由于其本身结构的特殊性,对重金属离子有一定的吸附效果,但是原始的吸附剂在工程处理应用中有一定的局限性,如耐酸碱性不高、吸附量不大等,因此在实际应用中采用较多的典型吸附剂多为改性材料,改性后的吸附剂提高了对环境的耐受性和对金属离子的吸附量,对于去除和回收水体中重金属有很大的优势和发展前景。