基于双向门控循环单元的地表水氨氮预测

为提高水环境中NH4+-N的预测精度,提出了一种互补完全集合经验模式分解(CCEEMDAN)和双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)神经网络的混合预测模型(CCB).首先,通过CCEEMDAN将NH4+-N数据分解成一系列较为简单的模态成份;然后利用BiGRU神经网络对各成份进行预测,将所有分解成份的预测结果相加即可获得最终预...     

化学诱变结合结构类似物法选育高苯丙氨酸解氨酶菌种

ＥＭＳ诱变结合结构类似物法提高含ＰＡＬ出发菌株红酵母Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ＣＩＢＡＳＡ１４０１１００ 生物转化能力阳性率为３５．５ ％ ,部分突变株ＰＡＬ转化能力提高１ 倍以上,其中Ｅ１０５,Ｅ２４０ 具有快速转化能力,反应３ ｈＬＰｈｅ累积浓度达到１ ｇＬ左右．φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 对ＰＡＬ转化具有明显的稳定作用．用含φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 的反应液进行生物转化制备,Ｅ１０５ 和Ｅ２４０ 在２４ ｈ 期间ＬＰｈｅ 质量浓度大于２０ ｇＬ,转化率达８０ ％ ．     

官厅水库入库水生物接触A/O工艺低温试验研究

试验表明,生物接触A/O工艺可以在低温下稳定运行,对官厅水库入库水中NH₄⁺-N有较好的去除效果,对COD、TN均有一定的去除效果.当温度大幅下降时,在温度下降初期NH₄⁺-N去除率明显下降,但经过一段时间后,NH₄⁺-N去除率逐渐回升,并稳定在较高的去除率水平.在本试验条件下,0～5℃时,进水N₄⁺-N为10mg/L左右,NH₄⁺-N去除率最终稳定在95%以上,出水NH₄⁺-N稳定＜0.5mg/L.另外,温度变化对COD去除效果的影响不明显.镜检结果表明,在0～5℃条件下生物膜中的微生物仍具有较好的活性.     

苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用研究

为研究污染物对氮循环中硝化过程的影响,利用摇瓶实验测定了24种苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用. 结果表明,单取代苯化合物对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:-OH>-NO₂>-NH₂>-Cl>-CH₃>-H;取代基的位置对抑制作用有一定的影响,二甲苯对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:间>邻>对,苯二胺也表现为同样的趋势,但不明显;多取代甲基和氨基,随着取代基个数增加对底泥氨氧化抑制作用有增强趋势. 苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用(IC50,μmol·L^-1)与取代基团电负性之和(∑E)有较好的相关关系:lgIC₅₀=14.72-0.91∑E,苯环上取代基团的∑E越大,该化合物对底泥氨氧化作用的抑制越明显.     

应用PCR-DGGE技术研究处理含氨废气的生物滤塔中微生物多样性

变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)在微生物生态学领域有着广泛的应用.本文应用DGGE技术对处理含氨废气的生物滤塔中微生物多样性随时间的变化进行了研究.在生物滤塔运行的不同时间采集滤塔中的填料样品,进行了生物滤塔对氨处理效果的分析和DGGE分析.结果显示,污泥和混合填料生物滤塔氨的出气浓度在经过一段时间后,逐渐升高,而堆肥生物滤塔的运行情况较好,对氨的去除效率始终在98%以上.PCR-DGGE图谱显示,不同时间的相同填料中微生物DGGE图谱有着明显的差异性.Shannon指数分析表明,填料中微生物的多样性都随着反应器运行时间的延长而有所减少.运行一个月后,混合填料的微生物多样性指数最低为0.389;其次为污泥填料,其多样性指数为0.473;堆肥填料的微生物多样性程度最高为0.569.生物滤塔对氨的去除效果与填料中微生物多样性Shannon指数之间有一定的相关关系.主成分分析(PCA)显示对于堆肥和污泥来说,填料样品之间微生物群落结构相似性较高,而混合填料样品间的微生物群落结构相似性较低.     

焦化废水脱氮处理技术进展

评述了焦化废水脱氮处理方法,包括蒸氨法、折点加氯法、吸附法、催化湿式氧化法、烟道气治理法及生物法,介绍了传统处理方法的改进措施及其适用情况,并对生物脱氮领域最新研究理论及工艺发展方向进行了介绍。     

化学吸收法采集固定污染源氨气的影响因素探究

固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。     

双氰胺、氢醌与含磷添加剂联合使用对堆肥温室气体排放的影响

为实现堆肥过程N2O、CH4和NH3的同步减排,在双氰胺和氢醌的基础上进一步研究磷石膏和过磷酸钙添加对猪粪堆肥温室气体和NH3排放的影响.以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,设置3个堆肥处理:只添加双氰胺和氢醌(HD)、添加双氰胺、氢醌和磷石膏(HD+P)和添加双氰胺、氢醌和过磷酸钙(HD+S),在60L的发酵罐中进行40d的...     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

Influence of osmotic distillation on membrane absorption for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia could not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference(MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation (MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method.