杭嘉湖水网平原村域水环境污染及其负荷分析

文章以浙汀德清杨墩村为代表,分析评价了杨墩村河道的水质,估算了杨墩村不同污染源COD和氨氮的污染负荷,从而确定了污染控制和冶理的重点.杨墩村养殖业十分发达,规模化养殖和分散养殖同时存在,因此文章把规模化养殖作为点源污染,把分散养殖作为面源污染.然后再结合污染产生的实际方式和杨墩村的具体情况,对污染源进行研究分析.结果表...     

西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为研究

采用小型回填式土柱动态吸附实验方法研究了西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温式和Langmuir吸附等温式,最优模型为Langmuir吸附方程;西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的饱和吸附量在573.81～3 666.16 mg/kg之间,平均为1 733.83 mg/kg。吸附分配系数k在3.13～524.55之间,平均为93.47;沙土对氨氮的吸附方式以化学吸附为主,解吸可逆性较弱。被吸附的氨氮解吸淋失的环境风险较小;沙土氨氮饱和吸附量与土壤有机质含量、粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量呈极显著正相关,影响程度顺序为:有机质含量>粘粒含量>粗粘粒含量;不同利用结构沙土的氨氮饱和吸附量:林地(2 053.87 mg/kg)>农田(1 990.40 mg/kg)>草地(1 356.37 mg/kg)>沙荒地(813.30 mg/kg);农田、林地和草地结构由于土壤有机质和团聚体含量较高,对氨氮的固持能力较强,氨氮流失的环境风险较小,沙荒地结构对氨氮的固持能力最弱。氨氮流失的环境风险最大。     

磷矿开发对星云湖总磷污染影响研究

通过对星云湖流域磷矿开发污染历史的分析,并将星云湖与杞麓湖各污染源入湖污染负荷进行比较研究,得出磷矿开发是造成星云湖TP污染负荷较大的重要原因。磷矿开发对星云湖TP输入量为58．66t／a,占总入湖污染负荷的28．2％。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成高温稳定的大孔结构二氧化钛

用钛酸丁酯作钛源,95%的乙醇水溶液作溶剂,柠檬酸铵作螯合剂,利用简单的溶胶-凝胶法合成了大孔结构的TiO2。用扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,傅里叶变换红外光谱（IR）,差热-热重分析（TG-DTA）,N2吸附等方法对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明大孔的直径在2μm左右,这种材料比表面积比较高,并且热稳定性好,可以耐800℃的高温。550℃焙烧得到的锐钛矿对罗丹明B具有光催化活性。95%的乙醇溶液对生产介孔-大孔TiO2材料很有利。TiO2微孔-大孔多级孔结构的形成是微相分离和有机酸铵螯合作用两者共同作用的结果。     

湿式氧化-磷酸盐固定化组合工艺处理磷霉素制药废水及其资源化

采用湿式氧化-磷酸盐固定化组合工艺处理COD为72750mg·L-1、总有机磷(TOP)为8225 mg·L-1的磷霉素制药废水并对废水中磷进行资源化回收.首先,采用湿式氧化工艺,利用分子氧作为氧化剂,将废水中有机磷转化成无机磷酸盐,分别考察了反应温度、氧分压和废水初始pH值对湿式氧化处理效果的影响,结果显示：在反应温...     

Does the energy labelling system for domestic tumble dryers serve its purpose?

Tumble dryers sold on the market today are labelled according to their energy efficiency. This labelling system has primarily two purposes: to guide buyers to a product with low energy use, lower cost and lower environmental impact and to encourage producers to develop even more energy-efficient products. Tumble dryers are optimized for their maximum capacity, which is used as the standard load for determining the energy label. Three different tumble dryers have been tested with different drying loads. Results indicate that all the tested tumble dryers have significantly lower energy efficiency when drying small loads. In order to encourage the development of tumble dryers with high energy efficiency at drying loads used in ordinary households, the standards for the energy labelling system should be revised.     

珠江三角洲地区城镇生活污染源调查及其排污总量核算

 综合运用资料收集、典型调查、补充监测与系数核算相结合的方法,针对珠江三角洲地区城镇生活污染源(58座城镇污水处理厂和770个入河(海)排污口)开展了污染源调查与排污总量核算研究.核算结果显示,研究区域内8个城市城镇生活污染源的污水产生量为39.64亿t,主要污染物产生量分别为CODCr90.79万t/a、BOD543.53万t/a、氨氮10.32万t/a、总氮13.55万t/a、总磷1.42万t/a;排放量分别为CODCr62.58万t/a、BOD531.89万t/a、氨氮7.32万t/a、总氮10.26万t/a、总磷0.998万t/a.从排放去向上看,直排近岸海域的污水量占16.9%;排入西江、北江及其汇合后形成的三角洲网河的污水量占43.2%;排入东江水系的污水量为占27.1%.     

超细磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂与B类火作用的有效性研究

为研究超细微粒灭火剂的灭火能力,对NH4H2PO4质量分数为90%的ABC干粉进行超细化和表面改性,制得具有良好流散性的平均粒度在2～10 μm的微粒灭火剂,然后将不同量的微粒灭火剂和一定压力的氮气一起充装于1 L的贮压式灭火器中,然后在1 m3灭火室内进行全淹没条件下的B类油火灭火试验.结果表明,粒度在4.11 μm以下的微粒灭火剂能在空中滞留15 min以上,并且其灭火质量浓度随着灭火剂的体积平均直径的减小而减少;微粒灭火剂的体积平均粒径为2.48 μm时,其灭火质量浓度仅为59～64 g/m3,平均灭火时间小于6 s.超细微粒灭火剂具有良好的空间流动扩散能力,可用于全淹没火灾保护,作用于B类油火时,灭火质量浓度低且灭火时间短,灭火效率很高.     

硫酸铵气溶胶对甲苯-NOx-空气体系光化学反应的影响

利用大气模拟烟雾箱,研究了硫酸铵气溶胶对甲苯-NO_x-空气体系光化学反应的影响.结果表明,硫酸铵作为气溶胶种子,其存在可以加快反应过程中颗粒物（particle matter, PM）的生成速度,并提高甲苯的气溶胶产率.在高浓度的硫酸铵气溶胶种子条件下,其初始浓度对反应过程中NO_x、NO和O₃的浓度变化没有明显的影响,但对二次有机气溶胶（secondary organic aerosol, SOA）的生成有显著影响.在硫酸铵气溶胶种子浓度小于160 μg·m^-3时,SOA的产率随初始气溶胶种子浓度的增大而增大,从最小7.2％到最大11.7％,其增幅超过60％.     

Evaluation of a cost e ective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.