Inorganic pollution in water—the analyst's viewpoint†

Inorganic pollution comprises both major and minor constituents, although only 12 chemical elements may be considered major components. Twenty‐eight elements constitute a group of common minor elements and an additional 13 elements comprise a group of less common minor constituents. Reliable quantitative data are required on the occurrence of these substances in a wide variety of water types, usually at extremely low concentrations. The analysis of standard reference water samples provides information on the overall reliability of water‐quality data. Although most major constituents may be determined with acceptable reliability, determinations of certain minor constituents lack comparable precision; for example, determinations of boron, nickel, and chromium. Few precision data are available on the determination of the less common trace elements. Several comparatively new analytical techniques, such as flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and emission spectroscopy with plasma excitation, appear capable of providing improved sensitivity.     

微机联锁控制的铁路道口报警系统设计与应用

为提高铁路道口报警系统的稳定可靠性,将微机连锁源程序与道口控制程序融合后,设计一种微机联锁信号控制铁路道口自动报警系统。分别介绍单股道铁路道口和2条股道以上铁路道口的系统硬件电路图、工作原理和软件设计方法。系统试运行阶段没有出现任何错误和异常,现已推广使用。     

民航安全中人的因素研究方法综述

分析民航业中人的因素研究方法,指出其存在的不足。在此基础上,对核工业中成功应用的人的可靠性分析技术进行系统的研究。结合其优势,提出在民航安全工作中进行人的可靠性研究的观点。并将民航业与核工业中的多项内容进行对比,论证研究其可行性。为民航安全中人的因素研究提供新的理论指导和可靠的数据支持,最终使人因分析结果全面、深入和准确。     

台风下乙烯精馏塔抗风性能及可靠性分析

采用流固耦合方法对台风下乙烯精馏塔的风载荷分布及风振响应进行数值模拟,建立了台风下塔设备流固耦合数值模型,对乙烯精馏塔的抗风能力和可靠性进行了分析。研究发现乙烯精馏塔的迎风面为风压力,背风面和迎风子午线两侧为风吸力,风压力和风吸力沿着塔高不断增大。在风载荷作用下,乙烯精馏塔的最大应力出现在迎风向塔体与裙座的连接处,最大变形出现在塔顶。随着风速增大,最大应力和变形呈三次多项式的变化关系,但频率基本保持不变,呈现一阶频率振动。通过强度、挠度和疲劳分析,可对不同台风强度下的乙烯精馏塔可靠性进行校核。     

A novel tool for Bayesian reliability analysis using AHP as a framework for prior elicitation

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a powerful and popular technique to support risk-based decisions. Unfortunately, QRAs are often hampered by significant uncertainty in the frequency of failure estimation for physical assets. This uncertainty is largely due to lack of quality failure data in published sources. The failure data may be limited, incompatible and/or outdated. Consequently, there is a need for robust methods and tools that can incorporate all available information to facilitate reliability analysis of critical assets such as pipelines, pressure vessels, rotating equipment, etc. This paper presents a novel practical approach that can be used to help overcome data scarcity issues in reliability analysis. A Bayesian framework is implemented to cohesively integrate objective data with expert opinion with the aim toward deriving time to failure distributions for physical assets. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is utilized to aggregate time to failure estimates from multiple experts to minimize biases and address inconsistencies in their estimates. These estimates are summarized in the form of informative priors that are implemented in a Bayesian update procedure for the Weibull distribution. The flexibility of the proposed methodology allows for efficiently dealing with data limitations. Application of the proposed approach is illustrated using a case study.     

斜面夹具在ESS中的应用

环境应力筛选目前广泛地应用于电子产品的研发、试产和批量生产阶段,它对于提高产品的使用可靠性具有重要的作用。现实应用中,筛选的方式,多种多样,但效果不尽相同。本文探讨了一种采用斜面夹具进行振动或复合温度应力筛选的方式,对斜面夹具的物理结构作了介绍,并结合实际应用,剖析了斜面夹具的振动响应结果及其筛选效果。     

电网干扰与应用系统电源的可靠性设计

电源是应用系统的重要组成部分,与所有电路相连,电源不可靠的影响是全局性的。系统的抗干扰性能是系统可靠性的重要指标,在分析了干扰因素及电网的异常的基础上,论述了交流供电的电源抗干扰措施和可靠性设计要点,其方法具有工程应用价值。     

地空导弹发射飞行可靠度试验剖面生成方法

本研究在明确地空导弹武器装备寿命剖面、任务剖面的基础上,利用已经收集到的19发导弹的冲击、振动遥测数据和6发导弹的弹上温度遥测数据以及已经掌握的大量地面温度、电应力数据,进行数据分析与归纳,生成地空导弹环境剖面,并根据我国现有试验条件,将其转化为可靠性试验剖面。     

关于军用装备质量控制过程中的几点体会

本文主要简述了某军用装备型号设备在质量控制过程中注意的几个重要方面,并对具体管理工,作中的要求展开了讨论。     

城市地下管线系统可靠性分析

随着城市经济水平的提高、城市规模的扩大和现代化步伐的加快,城市地下管网越来越庞大,越来越复杂,种类也越来越多,所担负的城市人民群众赖以生存的物质基础的作用也越来越强。对城市地下管线失效的特点和系统可靠性进行深入分析,为政府部门做好日常安全管理工作,做出科学合理的决策,实现地下管线安全预警等提供依据,对预防事故发生和减少生命财产损失具有现实的指导意义。