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971.
Amir P. Nejadhashemi Joseph M. Sheridan Adel Shirmohammadi Hubert J. Montas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(3):744-756
Abstract: Evaluating the relative amounts of water moving through the different components of the hydrological cycle is required for precise management and planning of water resources. An important aspect of this evaluation is the partitioning of streamflow into surface (quick flow) and base‐flow components. A prior study evaluated 40 different approaches for hydrograph‐partitioning on a field scale watershed in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States and concluded that the Boughton’s method produced the most consistent and accurate results. However, its accuracy depends upon the proper estimation of: (1) the end of surface runoff, and (2) the fraction factor (α) that is function of many physical and hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. Proper identification of the end of surface runoff was accomplished by using a second derivative approach. Applying this approach to 12 years of separately measured surface and subsurface flow data from a field scale watershed (study area) proved to be accurate for 87% of the time. Estimation of the α value was accomplished in this study using two steps: (1) alpha was fitted to individual hydrographs: and, (2) a regression equation that determines these alpha values based on climatological factors (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration) was developed. Using these strategies improved the streamflow partitioning method’s performance significantly. 相似文献
972.
973.
Shouliang Huo Jingtian Zhang Kevin M. Yeager Beidou Xi Yanwen Qin Zhuoshi He Fengchang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,31(5):1-11
The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT1.92 > DGT0.78 > DGT0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments. 相似文献
974.
975.
976.
城市在社会发展的进程中起着主要作用,然而,城市灾害造成的严重后果已经对当今社会的发展构成了严重的阻碍,如何确定城市灾害总体风险等级并提出相应的对策措施亟需探讨。本文在分析城市常见四大类灾害(自然灾害、事故灾害、公共卫生灾害、社会安全灾害)的基础之上,进行城市灾害评估流程的介绍,包括灾害识别、灾害分析、灾害评价、提出对策措施,从而为城市灾害的总体等级的确定奠定初步的理论基础。以青岛市统计局相关资料为依据,对青岛市的城市灾害风险等级进行评估,确定其风险等级并提出相关建议措施。 相似文献
977.
为解决干冰膨胀烟丝生产线冷端液体工艺泵因机械密封长期超压和气缚现象造成损坏发生CO2泄漏而导致紧急停机抢修的问题,对干冰膨胀线冷端工艺罐系统进行了优化改进。在工艺泵吸口前管路引一根气相平衡管至工艺罐顶部,当泵吸口前管路有CO2液体时,输送管路内气化的CO2气体通过气相平衡管线释放回工艺罐内,不会进入工艺泵体内。应用结果表明,工艺泵内的憋压和气缚现象消失了,机械密封受到保护。改造前机械密封平均一个季度更换一次,改造后机械密封使用5年未损毁,达到保护干冰膨胀线冷端工艺泵机械密封的目的。 相似文献
978.
979.
以序批式动态膜反应器为研究对象,对其处理低碳氮比废水的效果进行了试验研究.试验温度为19 ~ 21℃,MLSS为3~5g/L;好氧阶段溶解氧质量浓度为2 ~4 mg/L,厌氧阶段溶解氧质量浓度为0.2~0.5 mg/L;水力停留时间共12 h,其中好氧阶段8h,厌氧阶段4h.结果表明:当进水COD、TN和NH4+-N质量浓度分别为250~300mg/L、103 ~ 156 mg/L和92~140 mg/L时,反应器对上述污染物表现出较高且稳定的去除效率,COD、TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别达到76.15%、82.16%和90.13%.同时,反应器系统中污泥的比硝化速率与常规处理装置中的活性污泥相比较高,以NH4+-N的降解量计为0.101 d-1,以NO3--N的积累量计为0.091 d-. 相似文献
980.
Trevor Ward Steven Cork Kirstin Dobbs Peter Harper Peter Harris Tom Hatton 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(4):738-755
A new approach was developed for Australia's 2011 national State of the Environment (SoE) report to integrate the assessment of biophysical and human elements of the environment. A Common Assessment and Reporting Framework (CARF) guided design and implementation, responding to jurisdictional complexity, outstanding natural diversity and ecosystem values, high levels of cultural and heritage diversity, and a paucity of national-scale data. The CARF provided a transparent response to the need for an independent, robust and evidence-based national SoE report. We conclude that this framework will be effective for subsequent national SoE assessments and other integrated national-scale assessments in data-poor regions. 相似文献