MIC厌氧反应器在500m^3/d柠檬酸废水处理工程中的应用

MIC反应器是在UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧反应器,它具有效率高、能耗低、投资少、占地省等优点。作者所在单位自行研制、安装、调试的生产规模500 m^3MIC反应器用于处理高浓度柠檬酸生产废水,采用城市污水处理厂的絮状污泥进行启动,经过两个多月的调试和实际运行,在水力停留时间20小时,容积负荷8 kgCOD/（m^3·d）时,COD去除率仍始终在92%左右,并转入稳定运行。     

有机废物厌氧消化工艺应用现状及前景展望

与其他常规处理方法相比,利用厌氧消化技术处理有机废物更具有优嚏,因为它不仅可以有效减少污省染,还可以产生很好的经济效益和巨大的环境效益。简要介绍了厌氧消化技术的机理、影响因素、类型,以及在有机废物处理领域的应用现状,并重点介绍了国外近年来发展形成的典型厌氧消化工艺,同时分析了厌氧消化技术在有机废物资源化处理领域的广阔应用前景。     

味精浓废水生物处理优化工艺

本文阐述两相厌氧消化法与缺氧—厌氧消化法处理味精浓废水的比较试验.进水为6×10~4mg/L～8×10~4mg/L时,两相厌氧消化法COD去除率为78%,产气率为0.15m~3/kgCOD,CH_4含量为50%.缺氧—厌氧消化法COD去除率为82.2%,产气率为0.23m~3/kgCOD,CH.含量达65%.两种方法均可使出水pH值由3.2上升至7.0以上.氯离子和氨氮的去除不明显.综合上述结果与运行管理的稳定程度均是缺氧——厌氧消化法优于两相厌氧消化法.     

稻草制浆黑液生物＋混凝处理试验

通过对稻草制浆黑液厌氧、好氧、混凝处理组合工艺的试验研究,探索该工艺的可行性,考察了不同温度、不同有机负荷下,该类废水的生物处理效果以及后续混凝效果。结果表明：中温35℃是厌氧阶段最佳处理温度,好氧阶段不同负荷条件下,CODCr去除率基本相同;经厌氧－好氧处理,黑液CODCr和木质素去除率分别为80％和30％,色度去除不明显;混凝阶段CODCr和木质素去除率分别为70％和90％,色度去除率达90％以上,出水达到国家标准。     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.     

土壤中两种手性有机氯农药的选择性降解研究

为了更深入的了解和阐释手性有机氯农药在土壤中的转化和环境归趋,采用实验室室内避光培养方法,研究了o,p＇-DDT及o,p＇-DDD 2种手性有机氯农药的外消旋体在水稻土厌氧培养体系和菜园土好氧培养体系中的选择性降解情况。为了更好的利用土壤中土著微生物的活性,我们选择了厌氧微生物比较丰富的水稻土和好氧微生物丰度比较高的菜园土来做培养实验。结果表明实验体系中o,p＇-DDT及o,p＇-DDD在水稻土和菜园土中的降解均没有明显的对映体选择性。这一结果与2种手性化合物不同对映体在自然环境中的含量普遍具有差异性有所不同,说明野外环境条件和室内模拟实验条件的差异会影响手性化合物的降解选择性。在2种体系中,o,p＇-DDT的降解速率均高于o,p＇-DDD的降解速率。这与以前的研究报道一致,DDD比DDT更难降解。通过2个体系的比较,发现DDT的降解速率在厌氧体系中高于好氧体系,而DDD的降解速率与之相反,好氧体系高于厌氧体系。这应该与DDT和DDD 2种化合物的化学结构及2种土壤中微生物群落的差异有关。对于厌氧体系中的2种水稻土,采自中山的水稻土中DDT的降解速率高于江门的水稻土,这应该与中山水稻土有机质含量高于江门的水稻土有关。有机质含量的高低直接反映了土壤中微生物的多少,进而会影响污染物的降解速率。研究发现本实验所用水稻土和菜园土总有机碳含量偏低可能是影响2种化合物的对映体无降解选择性的因素之一。此外,由于本研究采用缓冲溶液将pH 调控在中性,因此本文的土壤 pH 对降解选择性的影响仍有待进一步研究。本研究中好氧体系和厌氧体系对目标物的降解选择性无明显差异。     

折流式厌氧反应器（ABR）的研究进展

随着对厌氧消化机理研究的不断深入和各种高效厌氧反应器的飞速发展 ,废水的厌氧生物处理技术已经成为资源和环境保护的核心技术之一[1] .ＵＡＳＢ是荷兰Ｗａｇｅｎｉｎｇｅｎ农业大学的Ｌｅｔｔｉｎｇａ等人于 70年代开发的一种高效厌氧反应器 ,目前已经广泛的应用于生产实践 .ＵＡＳＢ的成功极大的促进了其它高效厌氧反应器的发展 ,折流式厌氧反应器 (ＡｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃＢａｆｆｌｅｄＲｅａｃｔｏｒ,简称ＡＢＲ)正是在ＵＡＳＢ基础上开发出的一种新型高效厌氧反应器[2 ,3] .下面将介绍ＡＢＲ反应器废水处理工艺的原理、特点以及国内外研…     

微生物易利用基质对PCP厌氧降解的影响

本文主要研究了微生物易利用基质对厌氧反应器内ＰＣＰ厌氧降解性及处理效率的影响，结果表明，ＰＣＰ对厌氧污泥代谢葡萄糖有抑制作用，则适量的微重复铁利用基质有利于促进ＰＣＰ的脱氯和降解代谢，且随着反应器进水中水中ＰＣＰ的提高，达到相近降解效率所需的微生物易利用基质的需要量也相应增加；废水中ＰＣＰ剩余量和废水中糖的初始浓度呈显著负相关。     

SMBBR-AF-SMBBR组合工艺处理高氨氮农药废水

采用特异性移动床生物膜反应器(SMBBR)和厌氧生物滤池(AF)组合工艺处理高氨氮农药废水。考察了HRT、pH和DO等工艺条件对SMBBR-AF-SMBBR组合工艺运行稳定期COD和氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在进水COD为2 408~7 440 mg/L、ρ(NH_4~+-N)为160.21~433.84 mg/L、TN为208.27~537.65 mg/L、HRT为8d、pH为8.0、DO为4 mg/L的条件下,处理后出水平均COD为342 mg/L,COD去除率达92.3%;ρ(NH_4~+-N)小于4.0mg/L,氨氮平均去除率为89.2%;TN小于50 mg/L,平均TN去除达83.0%。出水各指标均优于原A2O工艺出水。     

Microprofiles of activated sludge aggregates using microelectrodes in completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor

Microsensor measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were combined to investigate the microbial populations and activities in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). Fed with synthetic wastewater rich in ammonia, the SBR removed 82.5±5.4% of influent nitrogen and a maximum nitrogen-removal rate of 0.52 kgN·m⁻³·d⁻¹ was achieved. The FISH analysis revealed that aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) Nitrosomonas and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) dominated the community. To quantify the microbial activities inside the sludge aggregates, microprofiles were measured using pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2− and NO3− microelectrodes. In the outer layer of sludge aggregates (0–700 μm), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed high activity with 4.1 μmol·cm⁻³·h⁻¹ of maximum nitrate production rate under the condition of DO concentration higher than 3.3 mg·L⁻¹. Maximum AerAOB activity was detected in the middle layer (depths around 1700 μm) where DO concentration was 1.1 mg·L⁻¹. In the inner layer (2200–3500 μm), where DO concentration was below 0.9 mg·L⁻¹, AnAOB activity was detected. We thus showed that information obtained from microscopic views can be helpful in optimizing the SBR performance.