生活垃圾填埋场不同粒径陈垃圾中微生物的分布特征

用3种尺寸的方形筛筛分填埋龄为6～7a的陈垃圾,并对筛分得到的4种不同粒径垃圾中的微生物类群分布特征进行研究.研究结果表明,陈垃圾中含有非常丰富的微生物,可达到1012CFU·g-1,其数量分布随粒径的变化为:(《4mm)＞(8～25mm)＞(4～8mm)＞(＞25mm);兼氧细菌在各粒径陈垃圾微生物中占绝对优势,其可达1012CFU·g-1,其次为真菌和厌氧细菌,真菌最高可达107CFU·g-1,厌氧细菌最高可达106CFU·g-1,放线菌数量最少,但也能达105CFU·g-1;同类群的微生物在不同粒径垃圾中的分布不同,不同粒径垃圾中不同微生物类群的数量组成也不相同;兼氧细菌和真菌数量对数值与各项理化指标线性回归方程表明,2类微生物明显受到含水率、浸提氨态氮、BDM和pH的影响.     

升流式厌氧污泥层反应器处理城市废水的现状与发展

本文详细介绍了国内外采用升流式厌氧污泥层反应器处理城市污水的研究和应用现状,阐述了与其相关的理论与技术问题,分析了目前在生产中采用的三种主要工艺流程及运行效果并提出了令后的发展方向.     

Modelling Seasonal Dynamics from Temporal Variation in Agricultural Practices in the UK Ammonia Emission Inventory

Most ammonia (NH₃) emission inventories have been calculated on an annual basis and do not take into account the seasonal variability of emissions that occur as a consequence of climate and agricultural practices that change throughout the year. When used as input to atmospheric transport models to simulate concentration fields, these models therefore fail to capture seasonal variations in ammonia concentration and dry and wet deposition. In this study, seasonal NH₃ emissions from agriculture were modelled on a monthly basis for the year 2000, by incorporating temporal aspects of farming practice. These monthly emissions were then spatially distributed using the AENEID model (Atmospheric Emissions for National Environmental Impacts Determination). The monthly model took the temporal variation in the magnitude of the ammonia emissions, as well as the fine scale (1-km) spatial variation of those temporal changes into account to provide improved outputs at 5-km resolution. The resulting NH₃ emission maps showed a strong seasonal emission pattern, with the highest emissions during springtime (March and April) and the lowest emissions during summer (May to July). This emission pattern was mainly influenced by whether cattle were outside grazing or housed and by the application of manures and fertilizers to the land. When the modelled emissions were compared with measured NH₃ concentrations, the comparison suggested that the modelled emission trend corresponds fairly well with the seasonal trend in the measurements. The remaining discrepancies point to the need to develop functional parametrisations of the interactions with climatic seasonal variation.     

化学填料塔工艺净化恶臭废气的研究

城市污水处理厂的恶臭污染已经引起越来越多的关注.介绍了城市污水处理厂的主要恶臭气体.采用氢氧化钠溶液和酸性氧化剂溶液作吸收剂,恶臭气体氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇通过二级吸收塔被吸收,气体达GB14554-93(二级)标准后排放.     

新型复合厌氧反应器处理生活污水的实验研究

对新的厌氧反应器ABSBR处理生活污水进行了初步研究,ABSBR工艺即在ASBR中加入生物填料形成序批式反应的生物膜反应器.ABSBR系统的提出是综合了活性污泥法、生物膜法和生物过滤等众多优点的一种尝试.作为一种创新工艺,在特定的适用条件下已表现出其优越性.小试实验结果表明:ABSBR工艺具有启动速度快,处理效果好,操作控制简单易行等优点.     

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝的技术特征

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝具有显著的技术优势：脱硫效率高。脱硫脱硝一举两得，不耗费热量不产生废渣，脱硫刺利用充分用量小，不损害设备有节能功效。     

玉米酒精废水的处理工艺与设计

针对酒精废水的COD高、温度高、SS高、pH低特点,主要介绍了酒精废水处理工艺路线和主要设计参数。采用高效MIC厌氧反应器和卡鲁塞尔氧化沟3000型,MIC有机负荷可达15kg CODCr/m3.d,CODCr去除率为85%以上,卡鲁塞尔氧化沟有机负荷为0.6kg CODCr/m3.d,CODCr去除率为93%以上,出水COD<150mg/L。厌氧所产生的沼气的回收价值抵去整个系统运行费用,每年可盈余1 300余万元。     

DSTE工艺及其应用实例

DSTE工艺是近年来开发的一种以厌氧为主,好氧为辅去除有机物的新型组合式污水处理系统.本文重点介绍该工艺的工艺流程、反应机理及优缺点;并介绍该工艺在澄江县禄充旅游度假区、江川县小马沟旅游度假区的工程应用实例.     

Quantifying dry NH3 deposition to an ombrotrophic bog from an automated NH3 field release system

Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH₃ inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH₃ fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH₃ from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s^–1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH₃ concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH₃ flux chamber system, the relationships between NH₃ concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH₃ concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH₃ concentration from 11 s m^–1 at 3.0 g m^–3 to 30 s m^–1 at 30 g m^–3. The NH₃ concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH₃ deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH₃ concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed.     

Mesophilic biomethanation and treatment of poultry waste-water using pilot scale UASB reactor

The feasibility of applying the up-flow anaerobicsludge blanket (UASB) treatment for poultry waste (faeces)water was examined. A continuous-flow UASB pilot scalereactor of 3.50 L capacity using mixed culture was operatedfor 95 days to assess the treatability of poultry waste-water and its methane production. The maximum chemicaloxygen demand (COD) removed was found to be 78% whenorganic loading rate (OLR) was 2.9 kg COD m^-3 day^-1 athydraulic retention times (HRT) of 13.2 hr. The averagebiogas recovery was 0.26 m³ CH₄ kg COD with an averagemethane content of 57% at mean temperature of 30 °C.Data indicate more rapid methanogenesis with higher loadingrates and shorter hydraulic retention times. At feedconcentration of 4.8 kg COD m^-3 day^-1, anaerobic digestionwas severely retarded at all hydraulic retention timetested. This complication in the reactor operations may belinked to build-up of colloidal solids often associated withpoultry waste water and ammonia toxicity. Isolates fromgranular sludge and effluent were found to be facultativeanaerobes most of which were Pseudomonas genera.