厌氧折流板反应器处理硝基苯废水的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器（ASR）中温处理含硝基苯废水，研究了工艺条件和硝基苯的降解特点．试验结果表明：在进水COD浓度为2088mg／L，硝基苯浓度为16．8mg／L，反应温度为35℃，停留时间为24h条件下，ABR能有效处理硝基苯废水，COD去除率为86．4％，硝基苯去除率为91．1％；在厌氧条件下，硝基苯降解为苯胺，但苯胺很难再进一步分解；硝基苯的去除历程推断为先吸附后分解。     

城镇污水处理最佳实用技术新进展

目前我国城镇迫切需要经济、高效、节能、技术先进可靠的城市污水处理工艺和技术,即所谓的"三低一少”技术."三低一少”技术是指低建设费用,低运行费用,低操作管理需求,二次污染物排放少的城镇污水处理技术.国内新研究开发的厌氧水解-高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池就是其中成功的代表.通过技术经济指标等方面的比较可以看出,厌氧水解-高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池这两种新技术在污水处理效果、剩余污泥产率方面优于传统的活性污泥法工艺,并可节约20%～45%的工程造价,50%～65%的运行费用,操作管理简单方便,对处于目前发展阶段的我国中小城镇具有巨大的应用潜力.     

厌氧菌降解四氯乙烯的研究

报道了洳气污泥富集培养物中厌氧菌降解四氯乙烯的特征。研究结果表明，沼气污泥在甲醇、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乙醇和Ｈ２／ＣＯ２等不同碳源基质中的富集培养物，以利用甲醇为碳源的富信培养物降解四氯乙烯（Ｔｅｔｒａｃｈｌｏｒｏｅ－ｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ，简称ＰＣＥ，下同）活性最高，平均每升培养液每天降解ＰＣＥ１４００ｎｍｏｌ。经对该富集培养物的分离培养，已分离出４株厌氧细菌，其中一株为甲烷八叠球菌，两株为弧菌，一株为杆菌     

颗粒污泥接种UASB反应器处理木糖醇废水试验研究

采用颗粒污泥接种UASB厌氧反应器处理木糖醇生产废水,对废水进行预调配后,由电控柜控制间歇进水.试验结果表明在进水COD为3～5g/L,COD容积负荷在2.70～4.64 kg/(m3·d)的范围时,有机污染物的去除率可稳定地保持在76%～88%,对厌氧出水再进行普通活性污泥法好氧后处理,出水COD可达到100 ms/L以下,稳定地达到国家要求的废水一级排放标准.     

烟酰胺降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

采用HPLC对某烟酰胺生产废水的主要成分进行分析，并模拟废水中的主要成分烟酰胺（nicotinamide）的浓度，对以烟酰胺为唯一碳源配制的培养基进行降解实验，获得有较佳降解率和生长能力的菌株YSI-1和YSI-2。结果表明．YSI菌株的混合菌降解效果优于单株菌，混合菌在初始OD600值为0．4，pH为7．0时，对浓度为2000mg／L的烟酰胺降解2d的降解率可达32．8％。延长处理时间或提高菌种的初始OD600值，烟酰胺的去除率均有较大的增加。     

厌氧颗粒污泥降解五氯酚活性的研究

在分批培养条件下，对取自处理含氯酚有机废水厌氧反应器的颗粒污泥降解五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）的活性作了初步研究．结果发现，反应器下层污泥降解ＰＣＰ活性较高，污泥浓度影响比ＰＣＰ降解速率；表观ＰＣＰ降解过程可用一级反应动力学表征，外加碳源特别是丁酸、葡萄糖对ＰＣＰ厌氧降解有明显的强化作用；外加碳源与ＰＣＰ浓度均影响ＰＣＰ的降解速率．     

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

The effects of γ-irradiation pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated in this paper. Parameters like solid components, soluble components, and biogas production of anaerobic digestion experiment for sewage sludge were measured. The values of these parameters were compared before and after γ-irradiation pretreatment. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), suspended solid (SS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and average floc size of samples decreased after γ-irradiation treatment. Besides, floc size distribution of sewage sludge shifted from 80–100 μm to 0–40 μm after γ-irradiation treatment at the doses from 0 to 30 kGy, which indicated the disintegration of sewage sludge. Moreover, microbe cells of sewage sludge were ruptured by γ-irradiation treatment, which resulted in the release of cytoplasm and increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Both sludge disintegration and microbe cells rupture enhanced the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, which was demonstrated by the increase of accumulated biogas production. Compared with digesters fed with none irradiated sludge, the accumulated biogas production increased 44, 98, and 178 mL for digesters fed sludge irradiated at 2.48, 6.51, and 11.24 kGy, respectively. The results indicated that γ-irradiation pretreatment could effectively enhance anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge, and correspondingly, could accelerate hydrolysis process, shorten sludge retention time of sludge anaerobic digestion process. __________ Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(8): 36–39 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Biosorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge

The biosorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge in a batch system under specific temperatures and initial pH was investigated. The adsorption reaction is pH dependent with higher removal at low pH. The adsorption equilibrium data fit very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich models in the concentration range of Direct Black 38 at all chosen temperatures. The adsorption parameters show that the adsorption of Direct Black 38 is an endothermic and more effective process at high temperatures. The kinetics of adsorption was found to be second order and adsorption rate constants increased with increasing temperature. Activation energy was determined as 26.8 kJ/mol for the process. This suggests that the adsorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge is chemically controlled.     

厌氧折流反应器对硝基苯冲击负荷适应性的研究

在9L、4格室的厌氧折流反应器（ABR）中,处理以葡萄糖为共基质的含硝基苯废水,温度为5～10℃,进水COD浓度为200-400mg／L,HRT为3h。结果表明ABR对有毒废水浓度变化的适应能力强,当进水硝基苯的浓度为0．48mg／L时,出水COD在21天恢复正常,运行稳定,反应器经硝基苯连续3天冲击（0．48mg／L）后,经历了原有微生物死亡、新微生物生长直到最终项级群落和稳定发酵类型的形成的过程。