高温厌氧处理酒糟废水影响颗粒污泥化的因素

综合性地论述了高温厌氧处理酒精酒糟废水中颗粒污泥的概念 ,颗粒污泥的形态及其作用 ,着重论述了颗粒污泥的形成机制和影响因素。     

生化—混凝沉淀—砂滤工艺处理毛巾印染废水

根据毛巾印染废水水质特点 ,选择了厌氧折流板反应池 -生物接触氧化池 -混凝沉淀 -砂滤处理工艺。运行结果表明 ,在进水水质为 :CODCr5 89～ 2 980 mg/L、BOD5 2 49～ 5 3 4 mg/L、SS12 3～ 190 mg/L、色度 3 0 0～80 0倍、p H8.76～ 9.5 6时 ,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》( GB42 87— 92 )一级标准。该处理系统耐冲击负荷 ,运行稳定、简单 ,基建和运行费用较低。     

ANAMMOX流化床反应器性能的研究

直接以氨为电子供体的反硝化反应是一种新的生物反应，可实现对两种氮素污染物的同时去除．探索了用流化床反应器开发这一反应，以处理厌氧消化污泥压滤液的可行性．试验发现，用该技术处理，无需供氧，也无需中和，并可有效地避免基质的抑制作用；平均氨和亚硝酸容积负荷率为４２８８３和４６４９１ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｄ），平均氨和亚硝酸去除率为８８４９％和９９０４％；由于ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ混培物产率较低，需要较长的ＳＲＴ（＞１００ｄ），有必要进一步研究ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ混培物的生长条件，以保证ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ反应器长期稳定运行．     

A reactor system combining reductive dechlorination with cometabolic oxidation for complete degradation of tetrachloroentylene

A laboratory sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor system, which consisted of an anaerobic fixed film reactor and two aerobic chemostats, was set up to degrade tetrachloroethylene (PCE) without accumulating highly toxic degradation intermediates. A soil enrichment culture, which could reductively dechlorinate 900/zM ( ca. 150 mg/L) of PCE stoichiometrically into cis-l, 2-dichloroethylene ( cis-DCE), was attached to ceramic media in the anaerobic fixed film reactor. A phenol degrading strain, Alcaligenes sp. 115, which can efficiently degrade cis-DCE by co-metabolic oxidation, was used as inocuhim for the aerobic chemostats consisted of a transformation reactor and a growth reactor.The anaerobic fixed film bioreactor showed more than 99 % of PCE transformation into cis-DCE in the range of influent PCE concentration from 5μM to 35μM at hydraulic retention time of 48h. On the other hand, efficient degradation of the resultant cis-DCE by strain R5 in the following aerobic system could not be achieved due to oxygen limitation. However, 54% of the maximum cis-DCE degradation was obtained when 10μmol of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) was supplemented to the transformation reactor as an additional oxygen source. Further studies are needed to achieve more efficient co-metabolic degradation of cis-DCE in the aerobic reactor.     

有机废水两相厌氧消化工艺相分离问题的探讨

本文通过对厌氧微生物代谢机理和有关实验结果的分析，对两相厌氧消化工艺中的分相同题进行了深入探讨，澄清了产酸相和产甲烷相的概念，讨论了相分离的可行性和途径，并解释了一些试验中出现的问题。     

单伴生共培养物中的丙酸盐氧化细菌

从厌氧消化器中富集和分离出含有一株新的厌氢氧化丙酸盐细菌ＬＹＰ的共培养物，ＬＹＰ的唯一伴生菌是能利用氢和甲酸的亨氏甲烷螺菌（Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｕｍｈｕｎｇａｔｅｉｉ）。该共培养物利用丙酸和少量的丁酸生成乙酸、ＣＯ２和甲烷。共培养物的生氏和产甲烷能力受乙酸或丁酸降解菌的促进。     

Dynamic Modeling of the Ratio Volatile Fatty Acids/Bicarbonate Alkalinity in a UASB Reactor for Potato Processing Wastewater Treatment

In this work, dynamic mathematical model for the prediction of the operational parameter volatile fatty acids/bicarbonate alkalinity (VFA/ALK) in a UASB reactor was developed. The dynamic modeling technique was applied successfully to a two-year data record from an industrial wastewater treatment plant of a potato processing industry. The technique used included regression analysis by residuals. Seventeen parameters were examined including the following: wastewater's flow rate, reactor's temperature and pH, total and soluble influent COD, wastewater's temperature and pH, total and soluble effluent COD, volatile fatty acids, alkalinity, biogas production rate and each parameter with a time lag of up to 10 days. Finally, after all parameters and all time lag trials the best fitted model was developed. The model's adequacy was checked by χ² test for a data record of the same UASB reactor but at a different time period and proved to be satisfactory. Additionally, the model's ability to predict and to control the plant's operation via VFA/ALK was examined. Through this model, in contrary to steady state models, various aspects of the process can be enlighten, such as the fact that the hydrolysis of starch requires at least a resident time of seven days.     

厌氧消化过程氨抑制研究进展

厌氧消化作为一种可获得能源的可持续生物处理技术,在实际工程中得到了广泛应用。在厌氧消化过程中,氨抑制被认为是影响其整体效能的重要因素。虽然氮是厌氧消化系统中微生物新陈代谢所必须的元素,但是厌氧消化体系中过高的氨氮往往会抑制微生物的正常生命活动,尤其是产甲烷菌。重点介绍了国内外厌氧消化氨抑制最新的机理研究,详细阐述了其主要的影响因素和消除措施,包括微生物驯化、p H值调节、温度控制及C/N比调节等,为厌氧消化技术工程应用的未来研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

初始pH值和物料配比对高温混料厌氧发酵进程的影响

为了研究高温条件下初始p H对厌氧发酵进程的影响,以猪粪、玉米秸秆为发酵原料,设置3种比例(干物质质量比30∶70、50∶50、70∶30)下6个水平(6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0的初始p H值以及一个不调控初始p H的处理作为对照)进行批次发酵试验.结果表明,初始p H值和物料配比都会显著影响厌氧发酵过程的启动时间和甲烷产量.当初始p H值为7.0时,VS降解率趋于稳定.COD去除率随着粪便含量的增加而逐渐降低.高温猪粪玉米秸秆混合发酵最佳挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)/碱度比值范围为0.05~0.3;猪粪可以作为一种缓冲材料,适量添加可增大消化系统的缓冲能力.通过建模优化,预测出当初始p H值为6.95、猪粪/玉米秆为70∶30时,可得到每克挥发性固体最大理论单位甲烷产量169.22 m L·g-1.     

以SRB颗粒污泥为载体的硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的启动研究

采用复合式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR),研究先驯化硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)颗粒污泥、再以之为载体进行硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的启动,通过NH_4~+-N、SO_4~(2-)、COD等指标的变化探讨启动的效能。在7pH8.5、温度为(32±1)℃的条件下,采用低负荷启动方式,以CH_3COONa为有机碳源,通过逐步缩短HRT提高进水负荷来驯化培养硫酸盐还原菌颗粒污泥。结果表明,SO_4~(2-)与COD去除效果逐步达到稳定,最高去除率分别为86.2%和68.8%,S0全程积累并趋于稳定,经过60 d的驯化,SRB颗粒污泥平均粒径达到3 mm,硫酸盐还原反应启动成功。之后以驯化成熟的SRB颗粒污泥为载体,保持COD为50 mg/L,通过提高进水中NH+4-N和SO2-4负荷的方式启动硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化。结果表明,NH_4~+-N和SO_4~(2-)去除效果逐步上升并稳定在50%以上,最高分别达到52.5%与53.7%。硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化成功启动。