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间歇培养条件下研究了单一稀土元素镧(La3 )和铈(Ce3 )在不同浓度水平下对厌氧颗粒污泥活性及其动力学行为的影响.结果表明,La3 和Ce3 对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性有促进作用的浓度范围均为0.01~0.1 mg·L-1,促进作用浓度峰值均为0.05mg·L-1,最大促进百分比分别为10.35%和20.79%;La3 和Ce3 对SMA(比甲烷活性)的半抑制浓度分别为5mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,La3 较易对污泥产生抑制作用.米-门方程可以用来描述厌氧消化过程中甲烷发酵阶段的动力学行为,稀土元素La3 和Ce3 投加至反应系统后,提高了甲烷发酵过程的动力学常数Vmax和半饱和常数Ks. 相似文献
53.
饮用水反硝化脱氮方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为去除饮用水中的硝酸盐氮(NO3ˉ-N),采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器和固定化微生物进行异养反硝化;自制固定化反硝化菌涂层电极和生物电化学脱氮装置,并用于自养反硝化。试验结果表明。若以甲醇为碳源。当碳氮比(C/N)≥1.o时,室温下经UASB处理4h,NO3ˉ-N去除率为97.7%;若以乙酸为碳源。当C/N≥1.0时,30C下经固定化微生物处理6h,N03ˉ-N去除率为98.6%;在无外加碳源的条件下处理东湖现场水样,30C下经60h后。N03ˉ-N去除率达93.5%。生物电化学脱氮装置可迅速建立自养反硝化菌所需的厌氧环境,水样在室温下经72h处理,脱氮率达96.3%。 相似文献
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Jan Kupec Kateřina Charvátová Milan Navrátil Vojtěch Křesálek Martina Křesálková 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(3):93-100
Most native polymers used in processing and application technologies are admittedly disposable from the environment in a biologic manner, but products possess low mechanical strength. One of the paths to increasing this attribute (if feasible) is their cross-linking, which may, however, affect their readiness to biodegradation. In the presented work this condition was observed on the example of waste protein (Hykol B) cross-linking by means of glutardialdehyde and glyoxal. Degree and course of cross-linking were determined through impedance spectroscopy. The objective of this work also was to obtain data for constructing a sensor capable of following the cross-linking course in real time, for potential industrial application of Hykol in continuous production. Impedance spectroscopy proved to be applicable even to this kind of material marked by considerable water content and exhibiting relatively high electric conductivity; so far it had been used only for materials of low conductivity. An aqueous environment inoculated with digested anaerobic sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was selected for modeling anaerobic conditions. The relation was studied between cross-linking degree given by content of cross-linking agent (determined by impedance spectroscopy) and biodegradation degree under anaerobic conditions. It was confirmed that network density as given by quantity of added agent not only reduced breakdown degree but also slowed the course of the process. This fact is particularly obvious with cross-linking by means of glyoxal; network density is thus dependent on type of employed substance, which affect type and structure of created network. That not merely forms an obstacle during polymer swelling and dissolution but also prevents access of bacteria to source of metabolized organic carbon. 相似文献
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Jon E. Schoonover Karl W. J. Williard 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):347-354
ABSTRACT: Ground water contamination by excess nitrate leaching in row‐crop fields is an important issue in intensive agricultural areas of the United States and abroad. Giant cane and forest riparian buffer zones were monitored to determine each cover type's ability to reduce ground water nitrate concentrations. Ground water was sampled at varying distances from the field edge to determine an effective width for maximum nitrate attenuation. Ground water samples were analyzed for nitrate concentrations as well as chloride concentrations, which were used as a conservative ion to assess dilution or concentration effects within the riparian zone. Significant nitrate reductions occurred in both the cane and the forest riparian buffer zones within the first 3.3 m, a relatively narrow width. In this first 3.3 m, the cane and forest buffer reduced ground water nitrate levels by 90 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Approximately 40 percent of the observed 99 percent nitrate reduction over the 10 m cane buffer could be attributed to dilution by upwelling ground water. Neither ground water dilution nor concentration was observed in the forest buffer. The ground water nitrate attenuation capabilities of the cane and forest riparian zones were not statistically different. During the spring, both plant assimilation and denitrification were probably important nitrate loss mechanisms, while in the summer nitrate was more likely lost via denitrification since the water table dropped below the rooting zone. 相似文献
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SCR反应塔入口段烟气速度场的数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
使用商业计算软件CFX5.7.1,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,模拟了SCR脱硝反应塔入口段烟气速度场,并分析比较了导流板对烟气速度场的影响及均匀SCR反应塔进口处烟气速度场的作用。 相似文献
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