化工装置停工放空过程中VOCs排放及估算方法

通过分析化工企业典型开、停车过程的排污节点,表明停车过程中大气挥发性有机污染物主要来自装置退料结束后挂壁、底部滞留和内部空间蒸气等滞留在设备内部的残余物料。在总结化工装置停工放空过程中大气挥发性有机物来源的基础上,讨论并提出大气污染排放量估算方法。     

基于AHP的密闭环境空气质量评价模型及其应用

针对指数法在评价密闭环境空气质量中存在评价因素单一,不能反映多种污染物对空气环境质量的综合影响等缺点,结合模糊数学的原理与方法,对密闭环境空气质量进行评价。采用层次分析法赋权,按最大隶属原则,通过模糊数学模型对某密闭环境空气质量进行综合评价,评价结果较科学地反映了空气质量的真实状况。     

高效率颗粒物微物理模型简介与重污染过程应用分析

中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)导致的空气污染和雾霾天气问题越来越突出,在低层对流层中很多地方都有显著的二次颗粒物生成过程,因此对颗粒物物理化学转化过程的研究具有重要意义,其转化过程对空气质量模式模拟和预报的准确性有重要影响。高效率颗粒物微物理(APM)模型经过近20多年的研究和发展,在全球化学传输模型(GEOS-Chem)、区域性气象和化学预报模型(WRF-Chem)通用地球系统模型(CESM-CAM5)等气象及环境空气质量预报模型中取得了很好的应用验证,能够在全球/区域等不同尺度对粒子生成、长大、凝聚、消除等微物理过程以及气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、直接/间接辐射强迫等进行模拟。应用GEOS-Chem-APM模式模拟了2014年2月京津冀区域的重污染过程。结果显示,湿度模拟的准确性对其他物理和污染物浓度等模拟结果有重要作用;2月20—26日的重污染过程模拟结果与实际观测较为吻合,主要污染特点是较高的湿度(90%以上),同时,二次颗粒物和包裹了二次物种的一次颗粒物(黑碳/有机碳)是低能见度的最大贡献者。     

恐惧诉求对职业驾驶员安全驾驶态度和行为意向的影响

研究以EPPM模型作为理论框架,探讨恐惧诉求对危险驾驶行为(超速和不系安全带)态度和行为意向的作用。54名职业驾驶员在观看交通安全恐惧诉求录像后,完成安全驾驶行为问卷。回归分析表明恐惧诉求的交通事故录像能够改变驾驶员对超速及不系安全带驾驶的态度和行为意向,但作用不完全一致。恐惧情绪唤起通过恐惧情感所引发的威胁评估过程中介对不超速行为意向的影响。最后,对研究的局限和未来的研究进行讨论。     

Multi-response optimization of Fenton process for applicability assessment in landfill leachate treatment

Fenton process, as a pretreatment method, was found to be effective in the primary treatment of mature/medium landfill leachate. However, the main problem of the process is the large amount of produced sludge that requires an accurate feasibility evaluation for operational applications. In this study, the response surface methodology was applied for the modeling and optimization of Fenton process in three target responses, (1) overall COD removal, (2) sludge to iron ratio (SIR) and (3) organics removal to sludge ratio (ORSR), where the latter two were new self-defined responses for prediction of sludge generation and applicability assessment of the process, respectively. The effective variables included the initial pH, [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio and Fe²⁺ dosage. According to the statistical analysis, all the proposed models were adequate (with adjusted R² of 0.9116–0.9512) and had considerable predictive capability (with prediction R² up to 0.9092 and appropriate adequate precision). It was found that all the variables had significant effects on the responses, specifically by their observed role in dominant oxidation mechanism. The optimum operational conditions obtained by overlay plot, were found to be initial pH of 5.7, [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio of 17.72 and [Fe²⁺] of 195 mM, which led to 69% COD removal, 2.4 (l sludge/consumed mole Fe²⁺) of SIR and 16.5 (gCOD removed/l produced sludge) for ORSR in verification test, in accordance with models-predicted values. Finally, it was observed that [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio and Fe²⁺ dosage had significant influence on COD removal, while Fe²⁺ dosage and [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio had remarkable effects on SIR and ORSR responses, respectively.     

安全评价在钢铁企业的应用研究

在钢铁企业有效应用安全评价,不但能够有效识别现场的危险因素,确定危险源,及时妥善地采取安全对策措施,还能够促进安全管理重心下移,实现逐级管理,更有利于消除现场人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态.     

污水处理厂投资全过程成本控制

本文综合论述了在水业市场化条件下，水务投资公司进行污水处理厂投资、建设和运营时，在投资决策前期阶段、设计阶段、建设阶段以及运营阶段等各水务价值链重要环节的成本控制方法，为水务投资公司在污水厂投资全过程的成本控制提供了参考。     

Adsorption of simazine on zeolite H-Y and sol–gel technique manufactured porous silica: A comparative study in model and natural waters

In this work, we studied the removal of simazine from both a model and well water by adsorption on two different adsorbents: zeolite H-Y and a porous silica made in the laboratory by using the sol–gel technique. The pH dependence of the adsorption process and the isotherms and pseudo-isotherms of adsorption were studied. Moreover, an iterative process of simazine removal from both the model and well water, which allowed us to bring the residual simazine concentration below the maximum concentration (0.05 mg L^?1) of agrochemicals in wastewater to be released in surface waters or in sink allowed by Italian laws, was proposed. The results obtained were very interesting and the conclusions drawn from them partly differed from what could reasonably be expected.     

KALMAN FILTER CALCULATION OF SAMPLING FREQUENCY WHEN DETERMINING ANNUAL MEAN SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS

ABSTRACT: A linear filter (Kalman filter) technique was used with a Streamflow-concentration model the minimize surface water quality sampling frequencies when determining annual mean solute concentrations with a predetermined allowable error. The Kalman filter technique used the stream discharge interval as a replacement for the more commonly used time interval. Using filter computations, the measurement error variance was minimized within the sample size constraints. The Kalman filter application proposed here is applicable only under several conditions including: monitoring is solely to estimate annual mean concentration; discharge measurement errors are negligible; the Streamflow-concentration model is valid; and monthly samples reflect the total variance of the solute in question.     

城市环境水文问题分析

城市化对水环境污染是一个具有普遍性和严重性的问题.城市水环境污染分为点污染和面污染两类.本文针对城市降雨径流污染(城市面源污染)作了系统分析.其内容包括城市化对降雨径流的影响,城市面污染的积累和暴雨径流的冲刷,以及推求城市暴雨径流污染负荷过程的模拟途径.