A two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with dead-ended anode

ABSTRACT

When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) works in the mode of dead-ended anode (DA), the water and the nitrogen in the cathode flow channel will diffuse, and accumulate, to the anode flow channel resulting in fuel starvation on the anode side as well as the performance degradation of PEMFC, which has an important impact on the durability and working state of PEMFC. Because the PEMFC performance is closely related to the cathode working parameters, in order to study the influence of the cathode working parameters on the performance of the PEMFC with DA, a two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with DA is established in this article, and the parameters in the model are corrected by experiments. The effects of humidity, stoichiometric ratio and working pressure of cathode gas on the performance of PEMFC with DA are studied by model and experiment, as well as the effects of these working parameters on the accumulation process and distribution of water vapor and nitrogen on the anode side, and the relative performance of PEMFC with DA under different cathode working parameters is obtained. This model is of great significance to guide the practical work of the PEMFC with DA.     

基于环境监测的矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统设计

为优化金属矿山矿井通风系统及辅助决策设计,弥补常用矿井通风仿真解算软件在环境监测、实时解算和辅助决策方面的不足,基于矿井通风理论、环境监测、计算机与通信技术开发矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统。提出通过利用实时监测到的井下通风环境参数（风量、风速等）和已存储在系统数据库里的巷道参数,实现对矿井通风网络实时解算,并将其应用到山金阿尔哈达矿井通风系统中。结果表明:矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统同步实现了山金阿尔哈达矿井通风系统的环境监测、风网实时解算和三维仿真模拟,提高了其矿井通风管理水平,为矿井通风系统改造优化设计和矿井向深部中段延伸时的通风系统设计提供辅助决策依据。     

Incorporating inherent safety during the conceptual process design stage: A literature review

This paper reviews principal concepts, tools, and metrics for risk management and Inherently Safer Design (ISD) during the conceptual stage of process design. Even though there has been a profusion of papers regarding ISD, the targeted audience has typically been safety engineers, not process engineers. Thus, the goal of this paper is to enable process engineers to use all the available design degrees of freedom to mitigate risk early enough in the design process. Mainly, this paper analyzes ISD and inherent safety assessment tools (ISATs) from the perspective of inclusion in conceptual process design. The paper also highlights the need to consider safety as a major component of process sustainability. In this paper, 73 ISATs were selected, and these tools were categorized into three groups: hazard-based inherent safety assessment tools (H-ISATs) for 22 tools, risk-based inherent safety assessment tools (R-ISATs) for 33 tools, and cost-optimal inherent safety assessment tools (CO-ISATs) for 18 tools. This paper also introduces an integrated framework for coordinating the conventional process design workflow with safety analysis at various levels of detail.     

MAP法处理饲料级磷酸氢钙母液的研究

运用 MAP(磷酸铵镁)法处理高浓度饲料级磷酸氢钙母液,研究了处理的最优反应条件并分析了最优条件下所得产物成分.结果表明,母液处理的最优反应条件为pH=9.5,n(NH4 ):n(PO43-)=1:1,反应时间 10 min,反应温度40℃以下.该条件下,当温度为40℃时,PO43-、Mg2 和Ca2 的去除率分别达到 98.46%、92.54%和98.48%,残留浓度分别为 15.91、70.25 和2.94 me/L.生成的沉淀产物中 P2O5、NH4 -N、CaO 和MgO 所占重量百分比分别为29.08%、6.07%、2.83%和 15.91%,所含 MAP 可作为肥料回收利用.     

有机/无机缓蚀剂在模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋缓蚀作用对比研究

目的 检测和评价五种有机/无机缓蚀剂在含3.5％NaCl的模拟混凝土孔隙液(SCP)中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀效果.方法 采用动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试方法 .结果 综合评价后可知,0.0015 mol/L的D-葡萄糖酸钠具有最好的缓蚀效果,浸泡30 d后的Rct可达到282.74×104?·cm2,此...     

溶液特性及共存物对纳滤膜去除水中全氟辛酸的影响

利用聚酰胺复合纳滤(NF)膜去除水中的持久性有机污染物—全氟辛酸(PFOA),分别研究了PFOA浓度、溶液离子强度、pH值、典型大分子有机物—牛血清蛋白(BSA)以及BSA与Na+共存对PFOA截留率的影响.结果表明,在0.8MPa下过滤24h,随着PFOA浓度增大,PFOA截留率提高;溶液离子强度、pH值越高,PFO...     

超细Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

以共沉淀法制备Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ固溶体,在液相反应阶段、干燥阶段和灼烧阶段分别采取快速喷射和加入表面活性剂、正丁醇共沸蒸脱水以及选择适当灼烧温度等手段控制团聚体的生成,制得超细颗粒Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体。     

石油化工废碱液在造纸厂的应用

为使中原乙烯生产过程中产生的废碱液得到有效利用,采用合理的工艺流程,麦草经粉碎后与用废碱液配置好的蒸煮液装入蒸球,经升温、升压蒸煮后,进入洗涤工艺,其间废碱液中有效成分被充分利用。从产品纸张的质量来看,利用废碱液制浆生产的纸张质量完全能够达到或超过国家纸张质量标准。此项废物利用有可观的经济效益和环境效益。     

Ni/Fe/Cu氧化物的催化臭氧化作用研究

以吐氏酸的臭氧氧化为例,研究了过渡金属镍、铁、铜单组分和不同配比双组分氧化物的催化作用,附着沉淀法制备的Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ（１：４）和Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ（４：１）催化剂的臭氧利用率分别比γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体提高了２８．９％和２４．３％,金属氧化催化臭氧化能显著改善吐氏酸溶液的可生化性,当溴氧消耗量为０．２５－０．３５ｇ／Ｌ时,ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ达到最大值０．２８。     

冷轧含铬废水微电解处理的中试研究

钢铁行业冷轧、硅钢生产过程中产生大量的含铬废水,目前一般采用亚硫酸钠还原法处理,药剂消耗量非常大。在2 m3/h的中试规模上研究了铁/碳微电解还原工艺对钝化液含铬废水的处理,六价铬通过铁炭填料后浓度有一定降低,废水pH稍有升高,氧化还原电位降低。研究结果表明,铁炭微电解工艺对于钝化液含铬废水有一定的处理效果,但由于可能存在含铬废水对铁屑表面造成钝化导致处理不够彻底。经济效益分析表明,微电解技术相比单独采用亚硫酸钠还原法有一定的成本优势,且处理出水效果好,可直接排放,不会产生二次污染。