基于风险分析的流域优先有机污染物筛查:研究与应用

应用高通量分析方法对大清河流域47个沉积物中的潜在风险有机污染物进行了分析,共筛查到104种有毒有机污染物。应用基于风险分析的筛查体系对检出率高于10%的54种污染物进行了概率风险评估,筛查出11种具有潜在风险的流域优先有机污染物,包括农药(特草克、氨磺磷、枯莠隆)、工业用品及副产物(二苯胺、9,10-蒽醌、萘、2-甲基萘)及家庭及个人护理品(咖啡因、苯乙酮、苯甲酮、联苯)等。结果表明,基于风险分析的流域污染物筛查方法体系可成功地对流域内优先污染物进行识别与筛查,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

X-42钢在碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液中慢拉伸时电化学噪音信号的小波分析

本文应用小波分析理论研究了X42管线钢在0.5 mol/l Na2CO3 1 mol/l NaHCO3溶液中,在-950mVSCE、-1100mVSCE阴极极化条件下,慢应变速率实验过程中的极化电流信号.结果表明,极化电流信号的低频部分代表着其发展趋势.在阴极极化时,由于阴极析氢造成的体系pH值升高,因而电流信号有逐渐增大的趋势.而且,在对SSRT过程中阴极极化电流信号进行分析时,并未发现第二类间断点.因此,对于工业腐蚀监控,是否可用出现第二类间断点来预测X-42钢在土壤中的应力腐蚀失效,还有待于进一步的研究与探讨.     

采用零排放新工艺处理蚀刻废液

广州市某化工厂开发出一套对线路板蚀刻废液进行大规模集中资源化处理的零排放处理新工艺,该工艺通过在固相条件下生成氧化铜并用重力分选的方法将其分离出来,克服了原有工艺的缺陷,使废液中所有的成分能够在较低的处理成本下全部分离回收,无三废排出,达到了清洁生产的要求.对其工艺条件进行深入研究,通过正交试验优化了工艺条件.     

煤系高岭土开发利用中存在的问题与对策

煤炭行业开发利用煤系高岭土具有许多有利的条件,但也存在一些问题。作者针对目前煤系高岭土开发利用中存在的问题提出了相应的对策,以供有关决策部门参考。     

高浓度臭氧水溶液研究

采用涡流叶轮泵、射流器和喷嘴等物理方法可将高浓度臭氧气体（＞100g/m³）有效地溶解于水,使臭氧溶解率达到98.6％,臭氧水溶液的臭氧浓度达到8.06g/m³,生成无残留物的绿色强氧化药剂、强消毒杀菌剂．     

碱性化学镀镍废液的净化处理

找到了一种处理碱性化学镀镍废液的新方法 ,研究了镀液组成、温度、时间、漂白粉浓度对化学镀镍废液处理结果的影响。结果表明 ,用漂白粉处理碱性化学镀镍废液是可行的。     

利用含铜蚀刻废液生产碱式碳酸铜

介绍了利用含铜蚀刻废液生产碱式碳酸铜的生产工艺、技术特点、工艺流程和产品质量。以碳酸钠作蚀刻废液的除杂剂,对其进行除杂前处理,控制反应液的pH为3．5～4．0、反应液中碳酸钠的浓度为0．02～0．03mol／L。可除去其中大部分杂质。用碳酸钠与含铜溶液中的铜进行合成反应,控制反应温度为70～80℃、pH为8～9、碳酸钠和含铜溶液中铜的浓度均为1mol／L,反应生成碱式碳酸铜,此产品中铜的质量分数为56％,产品质量优于木材防腐用碱式碳酸铜国内外同类产品。     

土霉素结晶母液酸化水解过程的研究

土霉素结晶母液是一类含高浓度有机物和氮的废水,反硝化电子供体相对不足,且含有多种生物抑制性物质.为了提高废水的可生化性、增加可利用反硝化电子供体的数量,利用厌氧污泥床对土霉素结晶母液进行了水解处理,并对反应的pH、COD、NH₄⁺、和SO₄^2--浓度等进行了考察.水解过程对COD的去除功能不强,在HRT1.5h～6.0h的条件下,COD去除率也仅从10%提高到16%.由于有机氮氨化和硫酸盐还原作用,酸化后废水的pH值增加.当HRT超过2h以后,SO₄^2-基本上都被还原成S^2-采用经过水解的废水进行批量实验,结果证明硝化速率和反硝化速率分别比未水解时提高90.9%和45.2%.     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ) on a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidasa) in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples (without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ) was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ) concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ) from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

Adsorption removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by active red mud

Red mud is the waste of alumina industry and has high TiO_2 and Fe_2O_3 content which are active components for the adsorption of anion pollutants.In this study,the uptake of phosphate by red mud activated by heat treatment and acid-heat treatment was investigated. The factors influencing the adsorption were also investigated.The result showed that the red mud sample treated using acid-heat method at 80℃with 0.25 mol/L HC1 for 2 h achieved the highest phosphate removal.For the heat-activated red mud,the sample heated at 700℃for 2 h preformed better than the other heat treatment.Phosphate removal by the activated red mud was significantly pH dependent,and pH 7 was the optimal pH for phosphate removal.The adsorption fits Langmuir isotherm model well and the maximum adsorption capacities of the acid-heat activated red mud and the heat activated samples were 202.9 mgP/g and 155.2 mgP/g,respectively.