生态资本运营理论在西部地区的应用

在介绍生态资本运营的基本理论基础上,结合我国西部地区特点分析了该地区进行生态资本运营的可行性与重要意义,并对该地区生态资本运营进行了经验实证,提出了相关的保障机制.创新之处在于,把生态资本运营理论与西部地区的具体实践结合起来提出相关措施,对西部地区生态资本运营具有一定的借鉴意义.     

人力和物质资本对农业经济增长的空间差异

为探索人力、物质两大资本对我国农业经济增长的作用差异,采用我国31个省份2001—2019年的数据实证分析了我国农业经济增长对两大资本的产出弹性。结果表明:人力、物质两大资本对农业经济的增长均具有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更大。在差异性方面,东部地区、农业经济发展中等水平的地区受物质资本影响显著;中部地区、农业经济高水平的地区两大资本对农业经济均有显著促进作用,且人力资本作用更强;西部地区、农业发展低水平的地区两大资本对农业经济作用不显著,农业经济增长由物质资本驱动向人力资本驱动转变。     

青藏高原东端甘肃舟曲牙豁口滑坡复活机理研究

为深入研究青藏高原古滑坡复活机理,以甘肃舟曲县东山镇牙豁口滑坡为对象,通过对INSAR监测数据和现场地表监测数据的深入分析,探讨了舟曲县东山镇牙豁口滑坡的滑动变形阶段,并揭示其复活驱动机理。鉴于牙豁口滑坡最先启动块体高陡的后壁和侧壁失稳下滑形态可知,降雨可能只是一个诱发因子,真正触发牙豁口滑坡复活的根本原因是滑坡后缘岩土体的崩落和坪定-化马断裂带错动的影响。根据现场调查显示,目前牙豁口滑坡HI1后壁的稳定性依然较差,存在多个潜在变形区,一旦这些潜在变形体发生崩塌破坏,必然造成牙豁口滑坡的再次复活,并形成堰塞湖。通过对牙豁口滑坡复活的现场勘查与触发因子分析,为今后该区滑坡灾害的防治减灾提供必要的借鉴和依据,也对古滑坡复活机理研究提供了新的参考。     

环境与生态系统资本价值评估的若干问题

近年来,环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的概念界定、系统价值认定及评价模式选择等之类的问题成为相关研究中有争议的议题.鉴于此,对环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的一些问题进行了探讨.①在肯定环境与生态系统资本价值评估意义的基础上,指出对于环境与生态系统的整体价值要予以充分估价;②针对目前评价模式单一的现状,提出了整合类型与区域评估的新模式;③在分析了环境与生态系统的资本价值在空间上流动之后,认为应对价值的积累和流动过程给予充分关注;最后,提出了几条具体的建议.     

循环经济理论思索

循环经济是对近现代人类社会长期、大规模、高强度、未善待大自然的开发活动导致自然资源和生态环境逼近其耐受极限而进行反思的产物.从经济-社会-科技-自然多元复合人工自组织系统角度,研究了循环经济的科学内涵,指出循环经济是建立在组织结构协同基础上的物质循环与能量梯级利用,是集约经济的高级形态和理想模式.针对循环经济包含的若干属性特征,论述了5个基本理论问题,包括守恒与平衡、循环与协调、互动整合与倍增效应、聚集经济与产业集群、生态学基本原理应用和生态系统服务.并就生态工业系统规划设计涉及的基本方法、关键环节、人力投入等给出了政策建议.      

不同区域古村镇消防行车时间统计特征研究

消防队介入时间是减少火灾损失、提高灭火成功概率的关键,作为消防队介入时间的重要部分,行车时间受到路况、天气等因素的影响,具有很大的不确定性.以位于远郊区和城市中心区域的两个典型古建筑群灭火救援的消防行车时间为研究对象,采用基于电子地图模拟导航的方法实时获取不同时刻消防站到古建筑群的行车时间,结合数据统计对比分析结果表明...     

社会资本对山区居民山洪灾害应急避险能力的影响研究*

为研究社会资本对山区居民应急避险能力的影响,在广泛调研的基础上采用结构方程模型分析社会资本与山区居民应急避险能力各要素之间的作用关系。结果表明:个人网络对避险知识和避险意识有显著的正向影响,对避险行为影响不显著;信任与避险知识和避险意识呈显著的正向影响,而与避险行为呈反向影响,但信任可以通过避险知识和避险意识间接正向影响避险行为;互惠对避险知识影响不显著,但互惠与避险意识和避险行为存在显著的正向关系;避险知识和避险意识对避险行为呈显著正向影响,其中避险意识对避险行为影响更为显著。因此可以通过增加山区居民社会资本的方式提高山区居民山洪灾害应急避险能力。     

三峡库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径的实证研究

随着我国经济发展和扶贫成效的显现,老区、山区、民族地区和移民库区等集中连片的特殊贫困区已经成为我国当前精准扶贫的主战场。由于面临生产资料匮乏、生态环境恶化和地质灾害频发等恶劣环境,库区移民贫困问题已成为新时期扶贫攻坚最难啃的"硬骨头"。因此,开展库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径研究具有重要的现实意义。基于对库区移民贫困现状的扎根理论分析,本文提出了分析农户生计的新框架。在此基础上,本文以三峡库区26个县(区)为研究对象,随机抽取4县(区)796户移民作为样本,首先,采用灰色关联分析法和熵权法对库区移民主要致贫因子进行挖掘;接着,采用PLS-SEM模型分析影响库区移民生计状况的关键因子和关键路径。研究表明:(1)三峡库区移民贫困现象仍很严重,患病、劳动能力弱和失地是移民致贫的三大主因。三峡库区仍有175.94万人生活在贫困线以下,三大致贫原因依次是:因病致贫26.49%、因劳动能力弱致贫22.10%和失地致贫21.65%。(2)心理资本可有效促进移民其他资本效能的发挥,对生计状况存在着显著的直接效应和间接效应。(3)在影响生计状况的四类资本中,人力资本对库区移民生计状况影响最大。基于以上发现,本文提出了实现库区移民精准脱贫的政策建议:(1)国家应高度重视三峡库区移民贫困问题,大力开展精准扶贫;(2)增加心理干预措施以提高移民心理资本存量,帮助移民摆脱心理贫困;(3)开展劳动力技能培训,提高库区移民人力资本水平。     

Testing The Pearl Hypothesis: Natural resources and trust

Do natural resources reduce social trust? This paper reviews the literature on natural resources and on trust. The existing theoretical and empirical literature suggests that natural resources can reduce trust through several indirect mechanisms. Notably, studies show that natural resources lead to institutional degradation, corruption, inequality, and civil war, all of which have been associated with reduced trust. In addition, game theoretical work on windfall gains suggests that there may be direct effect of natural resources on trust. This paper tests empirically whether there is a direct effect of natural resources on trust (The Pearl Hypothesis), using cross-country data. The results indicate that no such direct effect exists, but we find a significant effect on trust of intermediate variables affected by natural resources, such as institutions, corruption, inequality and/or civil war. Importantly, the relationship between corruption and trust turns out to be non-linear, indicating that the effect of natural resources on trust depends on the initial corruption level of a country. In highly corrupt societies, institutional improvements that reduce corruption may also undermine trust, which poses difficult challenges for anti-corruption policy.     

A theoretical overview of the relationship between the resource curse and genuine savings as an indicator for “weak” sustainability

This paper shows the strong relation between the factors that lead to the resource curse (RC) and factors that lead to a decline of genuine savings (GS). There is substantial empirical evidence that economies that rely predominantly on their natural resources are also characterized by slower economic growth. This so‐called RC is commonly traced back to the fact that natural resources' generate rents that are independent of a country's economic performance, which can lead to suboptimal reinvestments of this consumed natural capital. We argue that the factors responsible for the RC also have a negative effect on GS, a concept that measures “weak” sustainable development by considering reinvestment of natural capital rents in physical and human capital. We discuss whether the RC hampers possibilities for resource abundant countries to obtain sufficiently high rates of GS, and find indeed many reasons why resource‐dependent countries have problems achieving positive GS rates. We survey both areas of research, emphasizing the influence of the exogenous and endogenous determinants of economic growth, which are usually used to theoretically and empirically explain the RC on the three different forms of capital considered by GS. We specify why most countries suffering from the RC have negative GS rates and explain in detail where the linkages are. This overview could help with potential advancements in the explanation of GS through the inclusion of RC effects.