黄土高原两种针叶树种不同器官水碳氮磷分配格局及其生态化学计量特征

植物不同器官水、碳、氮、磷等元素含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物的生态策略及其环境适应性。本研究以黄土高原两种乡土树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和柴松(Pinus tabulaefirmis f.shekanensis)为研究对象,分析了研究区两种树种水、碳、氮和磷在不同器官的含量及其生态化学计量特征,探讨了两种树种基于水、碳、氮和磷分配格局的生态适应策略。结果表明:(1)油松和柴松对水分和碳素的分配格局总体表现为根和叶最大,其次为枝和干,树皮最小;对氮、磷的分配格局则表现为叶片显著高于其他器官。(2)油松将更多的水和氮分配给叶、根等生产性器官,而柴松将更多的水和碳分配给枝、干等防御性器官,反映了柴松较油松具有更加保守的生长策略,能够更好适应逆境条件。(3)植物器官不同元素间通过相互耦合后可以表现出较好的相关性,反映了植物元素之间具有高度复杂的协同关系,这种协同关系的体现形式可能与植物类型及其对外界环境变化的生长适应策略密切相关。     

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病防治药剂的筛选

杀菌剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的毒力测定筛选结果表明，绿亨一号 多菌灵、五氯硝基苯 多菌灵、多菌灵 普克、敌克松 普克等混配药剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果最佳，持效期长，可作为防治香蕉枯萎病的土壤消毒剂使用。     

环带状廊道分合城市空间的生态效应及启示——以荆州古城的实证研究

界定了环带状廊道内涵,在中小尺度下实证分析了环带状廊道分合荆州古城空间的生态效应,环带状廊道具有提高城市景观异质性与连结度、完善城市生态系统结构等生态功能。它使荆州成为“自然中的城市”,这启示我们环带状廊道景观正在成为绿化建设的一种有效模式。     

古水稻土中多环芳烃的分布特征及其来源判定

测定了马家浜文化(距今约6 000a)遗址2个剖面表层土壤、古代水稻土和古代旱地土壤、以及底层土壤中15种多环芳烃的含量,并对其可能来源进行了判定.结果表明,表层土壤中PAHs的含量分别为202.9μg·kg^-1和207.7μg·kg^-1,主要来源于大气沉降;古水稻土中PAHs含量明显降低,仅为56.0μg·kg^-1,但高于古旱地土壤及底层土壤。古旱地土壤及底层土壤PAHs含量在32.0～36.9μg·kg^-1.古水稻土中,2环和3环所占比例较大,达63%,萘和菲含量最高,而4环以上的多环芳烃含量较低.Phe/Ant和BaA/Chr比值和有机质¹³C-NMR图谱显示,古水稻土中的多环芳烃主要来源于水稻秸秆的焚烧,同时还原条件下的生物合成可能是其另一个重要来源.     

烟波湖下觅故城

历史上由于长江中下游湖泊的扩大和迁移,湮废了许多古城和古迹.鄱阳湖湮废(枭)阳、海昬、昌邑城.洪泽湖淹没泗州城和明祖陵.太湖平原上阳澄湖下阳城县,偕薄县城陷于当湖之中.这些古城为秦汉至南北朝设置.     

城市隧道开挖爆破对古城墙的安全影响研究

南京九华山隧道工程,在城市中建设,周边环境要求高,穿越明代古城墙施工段面临如何确保古城墙安全的问题,是施工的难点之一。通过计算分析确定隧道开挖爆破震动对明古城墙的影响范围,详细介绍了控制围岩沉降、控制爆破振动效应等确保古城墙安全所采用的技术措施;通过所进行的监测工作,证明了所采用技术措施的有效性。对城市隧道工程建设中的环境保护问题具有重要的应用价值。     

Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Nowa days, ecological and cultural tourism, especially those ancient villages and towns in China, have attracted an increasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural features. However, rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits, but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns, such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization. Taking Longmen ancient town as an example, this paper presented a sustainable way of preserving and developing resources of ancient villages and towns. First, identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns, and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied. Second, define a cooperative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space. Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to enhance the sustainability of community economies.     

Formation and Evolution of Ancient Lakes on South Coast Plain of Laizhou Bay

1INTRODUCTIONAncient lakes are lakes that once existed in history,butnow have died out.As a kind of land water and geomorphicconfiguration,the formation and evolution of ancientlakes were closely linked with the variance of geographicenvironment.The south coast plain of Laizhou Bay is aplain extending from the estuary of the Xiaoqing Riverin the west to the estuary of the Jiaolai River in the east.There were once some lakes on the plain in history,suchas Judian Lake,Qingshuibo Lake,an…     

Multispecies and Multiscale Conservation Planning: Setting Quantitative Targets for Red‐Listed Lichens on Ancient Oaks

Abstract: Species occurrence in a habitat patch depends on local habitat and the amount of that habitat in the wider landscape. We used predictions from empirical landscape studies to set quantitative conservation criteria and targets in a multispecies and multiscale conservation planning effort. We used regression analyses to compare species richness and occurrence of five red‐listed lichens on 50 ancient oaks (Quercus robur; 120–140 cm in diameter) with the density of ancient oaks in circles of varying radius from each individual oak. Species richness and the occurrence of three of the five species were best explained by increasing density of oaks within 0.5 km; one species was best explained by the density of oaks within 2 km, and another was best predicted by the density of oaks within 5 km. The minimum numbers of ancient oaks required for “successful conservation” was defined as the number of oaks required to obtain a predicted local occurrence of 50% for all species included or a predicted local occurrence of 80% for all species included. These numbers of oaks were calculated for two relevant landscape scales (1 km² and 13 km²) that corresponded to various species responses, in such a way that calculations also accounted for local number of oaks. Ten and seven of the 50 ancient oaks surveyed were situated in landscapes that already fulfilled criteria for successful conservation when the 50% and 80% criteria, respectively, were used to define the level of successful conservation. For cost‐efficient conservation, oak stands in the landscapes most suitable for successful conservation should be prioritized for conservation and management (e.g., grazing and planting of new oaks) at the expense of oak stands situated elsewhere.     

环境因子对脱氯功能念珠藻Nostoc PD-2降解多氯联苯过程中基因表达的影响

以分离筛选自多氯联苯污染水稻田中的脱氯功能蓝藻Nostoc PD-2为材料,两种典型的三氯代多氯联苯PCB28和PCB30为目标污染物,在不同的氮源、碳源和培养温度条件下,研究了脱氯功能藻种Nostoc PD-2中双加氧酶基因和细胞色素b6f复合体铁硫蛋白基因的表达情况及两种基因对脱氯作用的影响.结果显示,以硝酸钠作为氮源时,与氮气氮源组相比,PCB28和PCB30降解组中的两种基因均显著上调表达,双加氧酶基因的上调倍数分别为1.9和5.7倍,铁硫蛋白基因的上调倍数分别为1.1和1.7倍;添加碳酸钠时,与对照相比,双加氧酶基因最高上调了2.2倍,铁硫蛋白基因最高上调了3.4倍;提高温度对双加氧酶基因和铁硫蛋白基因的表达均有促进作用.相较于铁硫蛋白,双加氧酶基因相对表达量与PCB28和PCB30的脱氯百分比之间的相关系数分别为0.872和0.832,表明双加氧酶基因活性与功能藻种PD-2脱氯降解PCBs的相关性更高.本研究结果表明,不同环境因子可引起脱氯功能藻种Nostoc PD-2降解PCBs过程中双加氧酶基因和铁硫蛋白基因的差异表达,添加碳源对降解效果的促进作用最明显,脱氯功能藻种在工程应用中采用优化的环境条件有利于提高降解效率.