For the sake of my family: Understanding unethical pro-family behavior in the workplace

Unethical behaviors are prevalent and costly in organizations, and much recent research attention has been paid to different forms of workplace unethical behaviors. We contend that the extant research has overlooked an important form of workplace-related unethical behaviors: unethical behaviors that are conducted to benefit one's family but which violate societal and organizational moral rules, a construct we label as “unethical pro-family behavior” (UPFB). Our paper systematically conceptualizes UPFB and develops a scale for it. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, we argue that employees with stronger family financial pressure are more likely to employ moral disengagement mechanisms to deactivate moral self-regulation, resulting in higher levels of UPFB. Additionally, we argue that the proposed relationship is more pronounced when employees have high family motivation but is mitigated when employees have high organizational identification. Two studies are conducted for this paper. In Study 1 (N = 328 for Sample 1; N = 243 for Sample 2; N = 279 for Sample 3; N = 267 for Sample 4), we demonstrate that our UPFB scale has good construct validity and that our construct is differentiable from relevant constructs. In two time-lagged survey samples in Study 2 (N = 255 for Sample 1; N = 233 for Sample 2), we find support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.     

Experimental research of LNG accidental underwater release and combustion behavior

Evaluating potential hazards caused by accidental LNG release from underwater pipelines or vessels is a significant consideration in marine transportation safety. The aim of this study was to capture the dynamic behavior of LNG jet released under water and to analyze its vapor dispersion characteristics and combustion characteristics on the water surface during different release scenarios. Controlled experiments were conducted where LNG was jet released from a cryogenic storage tank. The dynamic process of LNG being jet released from orifices of different sizes and shapes, as well as the rising plume structure, were captured by a high-speed camera. The leakage flow rate and pipeline pressure were recorded by a flow meter and pressure gauge, respectively. The concentration distribution that emanated from the water surface was measured utilizing methane sensors in different positions with various wind speeds. The flame combustion characteristics of LNG vapor clouds, which immediately ignited upon the enclosed water tank, were also recorded. Additionally, the mass burning rate of the flame on the water surface was evaluated, and a new correlation between the ratio of flame length and width was established. The results indicated a large dimensionless heat release rate (Q*) and a continuous release flow rate in a limited burning area. This study could provide greater understanding of the mechanisms of LNG release and combustion behavior under water.     

负压二次曝气二氧化氯发生器的研制与应用

以氯酸钠和工业盐酸为基本原料,采用独特的负压二次曝气工艺,在催化剂作用下,经氧化还原反应产生以二氧化氯为主的混合消毒气体,经吸收后形成一定浓度的二氧化氯混合消毒液,与待处理水充分混合,达到杀菌消毒的目的。     

液体旋流分离器分离效率的研究

液体旋流分离器是水环境污染治理的主要设备之一.分离效率是衡量液体旋流分离器分离过程进行完善程度的最重要的技术指标,它能从质与量两方面反映出设备性能的优劣.当前液体旋流分离器设计过程还缺少具体量化的理论依据,为了给液体旋流分离器的设计提供理论依据,通过液体旋流分离器从水中分离固体粒子的性能实验,得出了液体旋流分离器各部结构尺寸、形状、相对比例对分离效率的不同影响程度,提出了结构参数的最佳取值范围.按照本研究提出的设计原则和方法,可以制造出性能优良的液体旋流分离器.     

交通荷载作用下饱和软粘土孔压-应变分析模型

针对交通荷载的作用特点设计了循环三轴试验,进而对交通荷载作用下饱和软粘土的动力特件进行厂研究.结果表明:循环荷载作用下,饱和软粘土存在临界循环应力比,采用孔压曲线所得到的临界循环应力比要小于采用应变曲线所得到的临界循环应力比.当土样不存在初始剪应力时,随着循环次数的增加,土样的应力-应变关系曲线近似原点对称,但随着初始剪应力的增大,应力-应变关系曲线逐渐表现为一系列平行曲线,峰值孔压与循环孔压幅值均逐渐减少;同时,轴应变的发展加快,但循环应变幅值逐渐减小.当循环应力比小于临界循环应力比时,对于同一初始剪应力,不同循环应力比下的孔压比-动应变曲线近似集中在同一条曲线上.通过对试验数据进行回归分析,得到了交通荷载作用下饱和软粘土残余孔压-累积塑性应变关系模型.     

饱和砂土不排水单调剪切特性试验研究——考虑剪切过程中变化的总主应力方向的影响

利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,针对相对密度Dr=30%的福建标准砂,进行了不排水条件下的单调剪切试验。在剪切过程中,控制平均固结应力和中主应力系数保持不变,而总主应力方向不固定。与剪切过程中总主应力方向固定不变条件下的单调剪切试验进行了对比分析。试验研究表明,当饱和砂土试样具有水平沉积面时,初始固结主应力方向与剪切方向的不同组合,导致单调剪切过程中总的主应力方向的不断变化,从而显著地影响着饱和砂土不排水单调剪切特性。总的主应力方向是影响饱和砂土不排水单调剪切特性的最根本原因。     

基于震后低压变化的供水管网功能可靠度分析

供水管网的抗震功能是指供水管网在地震作用下能够满足震后城市特定用水需要(需水量和水压)的能力。地震发生后,供水管网一般处于低压供水状态,使得管网中部分用户的水压和水量不能得到全部满足,导致管网部分节点的实际配水量小于需水量。为此,在传统的管网水力分析基础上考虑节点流量随节点水压的动态变化,通过求解非线性水力方程组,得到管网节点实际流量和水压;同时,借鉴结构可靠度分析方法,引入供水管网系统随机水力模型,给出了震后供水管网功能可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法。以一实际管网为例,演示了震后低压供水时管网功能可靠度分析的应用方法。     

Biological control experiment of excess propagation of Cyclops for drinking water security

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this study, an ecological project was put forward for the excess propagation control of Cyclops by stocking the filter-feeding fishes such as silver carp and bighead carp under the condition of no extraneous nutrient feeding. The results of experiments with different stocking biomass showed that the propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively, and the water quality was improved simultaneously by impacting on nutriment level and plankton community structure at proper stocking density of 30 g/m^3 of water. The growth of Cyclops may not be effectually controlled with lower biomass of fish （10 g）, and the natural food chain relation may be destroyed for Cyclops dying out in water while the intense stocking of 120 g per cubic meter of water. In addition, the high predator pressure may accelerate supplemental rate of nutrients from bottom sediments to water body to add the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water.     

三峡库区小江回水区二氧化碳分压的时空变化特征分析

2009年9月～2010年4月在三峡库区与小江交汇的回水区的典型段面测量了该区域水体表层水和水体内部两部分水体中的有关物理化学参数,并利用这些水化学特征值通过水化学平衡模型计算出该区域水体CO2的分压。得出该区域水体中的CO2分压在一定时空范围内的变化特征。并对该区域有关水质参数与CO2的分压进行了相关性分析,得出其相关系数。指出了水体CO2分压与水体碳循环的关系。通过对三峡库区小江流域这一典型回水区域水体的CO2分压的分析研究,可望为三峡库区及其它同类型区域水体的二氧化碳分压研究提供一个分析案例,也为今后进一步从事水库温室效应的研究提供参考     

长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的初步研究——以锡山市为例

长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的监测是区土地可持续利用研究的重点领域。锡山市位于太湖平原北部，其耕地质量变化过程反映了长江三角洲腹地经济发展水平较高地区的耕地现状和发展趋势。本研究以锡山市为典型区，依据第二次土壤普查资料，多年土壤监测数据和有关耕地系统状态的统计数据，结合研究区耕地状况的调查分析，提出了支持压力－状态－响应模型的耕地质量评价指标体系，并据此指标体系分析了该区耕地质量变化趋势。结果表明，该区耕地系统的发展总体上是可控的、有序的、但是耕地系统产出能力的稳定性呈下降趋势，系统高水平投入的维持面临较大的压力。鉴于人口增加和耕地持续减少的态势在很长一段时间内难以逆转，耕地占补的质量差异因素，是该区能否实现耕地总量动态平衡的关键所在。