A2O缺氧池添加天然碳源玉米芯的脱氮特征

基于低碳源污水易硝化难反硝化的问题,构建了在A²O缺氧池添加天然碳源玉米芯的中试系统,采用物料衡算、反硝化速率测定和微生物群落分析等方法,研究了该系统的脱氮效能和反硝化体系特征.结果表明,TN去除率提升13%,出水从16.2降至10.0mg/L;同时不会造成出水氨氮和色度超标的风险.物料衡算表明,COD碳源的氧化消耗量和出水排放量降低,更多的碳源用于反硝化和污泥增殖,从而提升了氮素的去除量,其中反硝化的提升贡献更大.缺氧池形成了悬浮污泥加生物膜的复合型脱氮体系:在污水自身碳源存在时,生物膜和悬浮污泥的反硝化速率分别为24.89和32.42mg/(L∙h),可实现快速脱氮;当自身碳源消耗殆尽,二者的反硝化速率分别是4.71和1.73mg/(L×h),单位生物量反硝化速率分别是1.58和59.1mg NO₃^--N/(g VSS×h),表明玉米芯主要被生物膜利用以维持反硝化进行.该体系的主要反硝化菌属为Azospira,此外在生物膜表面还富集了能够附着生长的Iamia和Haliangium,以及能够降解玉米芯木质素的Sulfuritalea等反硝化菌属.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的筛选及其工程应用研究

文章针对筛选出的菌种A2反硝化能力不高的问题,采用正交法对其生长及反硝化作用条件进行优化,随后在滴滤塔挂膜进行NOX性能降解试验。实验发现,在24 h内菌种A2的反硝化脱氮能力由优化前的65.80%提高到95.58%,采用优化后的培养基在滴滤塔挂膜时间较短,且对NOX处理能力、抗冲击负荷能力强。     

生物强化MBR-AF工艺短程硝化反硝化研究

本试验将短程硝化功能菌和反硝化功能菌分别接种至膜生物反应器(MBR)和上流式厌氧生物滤池(AF)中,构建了生物强化的MBR-AF短程硝化反硝化工艺,并以活性污泥作空白对照,考察该工艺对高氨氮废水的短程脱氮性能.结果表明,强化体系MBR的启动期短,仅需30d,而活性污泥体系MBR的启动期长达100d;强化体系MBR亚硝酸氮积累率始终维持在95%以上;在30℃下,随着运行时间的延长,强化体系MBR-AF工艺总氮去除率不断升高,最高达90%以上,比活性污泥体系高20%;强化体系MBR膜污染程度轻,膜的使用寿命长.说明功能菌强化在高效亚硝酸氮积累和氨氮转化方面起关键作用,可作为实现短程硝化反硝化的有效手段.     

厌氧环境雌黄溶解产物形态的XAS研究

雌黄是砷的环境地球化学过程中的重要的次生矿物.雌黄的溶解性研究对于研究砷在水环境中的形态转化和环境归趋具有重要意义.环境中p H和硫化程度对于雌黄中的砷的形态变化及其稳定性有重要影响.通过室内模拟实验,结合同步辐射X射线近边吸收光谱(XANES)和扩展X射线吸收光谱(EXAFS)表征手段研究了近中性厌氧条件下,有硫和无硫体系中雌黄溶解产物中稳定存在的砷形态.结果表明,在p H中性条件下,雌黄在两种体系中均形成硫代砷和亚砷酸盐的混合物,有硫体系中硫代砷是以全硫代为主,而无硫体系中硫代亚砷酸盐是部分硫代为主.线性拟合分析确定在有硫体系中硫代亚砷酸盐形态占总砷形态的88.2%,亚砷酸盐形态占总砷形态的11.8%,而在无硫体系中,硫代三价砷形态占总砷形态的43.7%,亚砷酸盐形态占总砷形态的56.3%.可见亚砷酸盐的形成与砷硫比有关,提高硫砷比可以提高亚砷酸盐中硫取代的比例以及全硫代亚砷酸盐的形成.     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated. During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO₃-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m²·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24 (mg/L)^1/2/min, respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845, 5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m² at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm³ at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

Effect of Changing VOC Influent Composition on the Microbial Community Structure of TBABs

Microbial communities in trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) were evaluated under conditions of interchanging the feed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and VOC mixtures. Three independent TBABs (Biofilter “A,” “B,” and “C”) were run under interchanging VOCs conditions with different initial VOCs. Two aromatic compounds (toluene and styrene) and two oxygenated compounds (methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)) were interchanged as single solutes. Two other TBABs “D” and “E” were run for two VOC mixtures. Biofilter “D” had a VOC mixture with equal molar ratio of the four components and Biofilter “E” received a VOC mixture with its composition based on EPA 2003 emission report. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to assess the microbial richness in TBABs for treating the VOC mixtures and the impact of interchanging VOCs on the bacterial community structure in the biofilters. The results from DGGE indicated that the microbial community structure in the biofilter was different after each interchange of VOCs. Some bands of microbial species faded and some bands were strengthened. For the two TBABs treating VOC mixtures, the microbial species did not show significant difference, but the richness among these species was different from each other.     

多点进水A/O组合工艺处理高速公路服务区污水

采用"多点进水A/O工艺+砂滤+活性炭过滤"联合工艺处理某高速公路新建服务区污水,处理能力500 m3/d,沉淀池出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB/T 8978-1996)中一级标准,最终出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)的要求。实践证明,采用多点进水A/O组合工艺处理高速公路服务区污水是完全可行的,污水经处理后完全达标,可供类似工程借鉴和参考。     

两级UASB-SBR处理高氨氮垃圾渗滤液的快速启动及稳定运行

在严格控制试验条件的基础上,首次采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR生化系统处理高氨氮垃圾渗滤液结果表明,经过5个阶 段(116 d)的连续运行,获得了稳定的工艺性能在进水COD为1 237.2～12 596.8 mg/L条件下,出水COD稳定在108.4～528.26 mg/L;在进水NH₄⁺-N为155.8～1 298.0mg/L的条件下,出水NH₄⁺-N稳定在0.12～4.1 mg/L,实现了有机物及氨氮的深度去除.SBR采用硝化出水回流的运行方式,对原水既有一定的稀释作用,又可使富含NO_x-N的硝化液借助原水中丰富的有机碳 源在缺氧UASB内进行反硝化,实现生物脱氮及降解有机物的双重目的缺氧UASB1、厌氧UASB2和SBR反应器的OLR_max(以COD计)分别为13、2.09、2.14 kg/(m³·d)UASB1、UASB2和SBR的OLR与相应的OLR_rem 均呈现较好的线性关系.SBR的NLR(以氮计)与NLR_rem也呈现较好线性相关此外,3个反应器的OLR与去除率(η)呈二次相关另外,SBR实现了氨氮的真正去除.整个试验过程中,SBR反应器在室温下运行,硝化阶段溶解氧低于1.0 mg/L,进水温度从20.7℃逐渐降低至10.3℃,SBR的硝化率和反硝化率始终维持在98.5％和97.7％以上,实现了深度脱氮     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Compost Composites for Biofiltration of Swine Waste Volatiles

In this study, a Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/compost composite bead is prepared and is indicated suitable as a filter material for biofiltration. The optimal preparation process is with the compost size of 16–35 mesh, the ratio of water to compost of 40 g/15 g compost, and the immersion time in the phosphate solution of 60 min. The composite bead prepared by this process is a porous spherical particle with a diameter between 2.4 and 6.0 mm and a density of 0.96 g/cm³. It contains 9.43 mg P/g dry solid and 12.1 mg N/g dry solid. The equilibrium moisture content of the composite bead bed from adsorption and holding experiments is 50.5 and 54.6% on a wet basis respectively, which is about 1.74 times higher than that of swine manure compost bed. It corresponds to the optimal filter material required and is sufficient to sustain biological activity as the composite bead adsorbs equilibrium moisture. The bulk compressive strength of the composite bead bed is about 1.15 times larger than that of swine manure compost bed to ensure even distribution of air flow and reduce the head loss as the air flow stream passed through. The pH value of the filter bed could maintain in the 6.9–7.2 range during the operation period due to the composite bead has the phosphate buffer capacity. The percentage of ethyl acetate removal could remain at over 99% for 40 days operation while the composite beads adsorbed inorganic nitrate nutrients. The pressure drop of two kind composite beads and pig manure compost filter beds are 0 and 2 mm H₂O, respectively, after operating for 40 days.     

Phosphorus limitation in biofiltration for drinking water treatment

Bacterial growth potential(BGP) method and two parallel pilot-scale biofilters were used to investigate phosphorus limitation and its effect on the removal of organic matters in biofiltration for drinking water treatment. Addition of phosphorus can substantially increase the BGPs of the samples. Its effect was equivalent to that of addition of a mixture of various inorganic nutrients including phosphorus.The biofllter with phosphate added into its influent performed a higher biological stability of the effluent and a higher CODM, removal than the control filter. Thesere sults suggested that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient in the biofiltration and the removal efficiency of organic matters could be improved by adding phosphate into the influent.