Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...     

A_2ON工艺反硝化除磷研究

将活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合,基于反硝化除磷原理,开发出双相序批式脱氮除磷处理工艺A2ON。着重研究生活污水COD/TN比值变化的对除磷脱氮影响。试验结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,对水质的适应能力强,可以降低好氧需求,较大程度地减少除磷和反硝化对碳源的竞争,同时保证了世代时间长的硝化菌可稳定生长。     

Phosphorus accumulation by bacteria isolated from a ontinuous-flow two-sludge system

In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.     

水质净化生物滤池工艺的微生物群落特征及运行效果研究

为探讨水质净化生物滤池(生物强化滤池和生物活性炭滤池)工艺的微生物群落特征和运行效果,采用Biolog和PCR-SSCP (单链构象多态性)技术分析生物滤池中的微生物群落代谢功能与结构,测定生物滤池进出水NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₂-N、高锰酸盐指数、UV₂₅₄和BDOC等指标,考察其净水效果. 结果表明,原水经过生物滤池后,出水微生物群落代谢活性显著降低,说明生物滤池截留了原水中的活性微生物. 工艺运行6个月后,2个生物强化滤池中微生物群落代谢特征相似,其碳源利用率分别为73.4%和75.5%. 2个生物活性炭滤池中微生物群落代谢特征存在明显差异,颗粒活性炭生物滤池微生物群落碳源利用率79.6%高于柱状活性炭生物滤池的53.8%(p>＜0.01). PCR-SSCP分析表明各生物滤池微生物群落呈多样性,优势菌群基本一致. 研究还发现,生物强化滤池中的填料对微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响较小,2种生物强化滤池净水能力无统计学差异(p>＞0.05);而生物活性炭滤池的颗粒活性炭填料有利于微生物群落生长繁殖,微生物群落有较强的代谢活性,其滤池对NH⁺₄-N、高锰酸盐指数、BDOC的去除效果优于柱状活性炭生物滤池(p>＜0.05);这也提示生物滤池运行效果与滤池中微生物群落代谢能力有关.     

中试规模ABR反应器提高印染废水的可生化性

采用厌氧折流式反应器（ABR）处理印染废水。结果表明,在其他条件不做人为改变的前提下,保证PH为9左右,温度处于25℃时,水力停留时间（HRT）会明显影响出水的BOD5／CODcr（以下简写为B／C）。在HRT为10h,8．5h,12h,1411,16h,15h出水B／C均值为O．23,O．21,O．25,0．28,0．27,0．30。在HR．T为15h,出水的BOD5／CODcr值明显提高,实现了可生化性的有效改善。从运行管理的经济性和提高出水的可生化性考虑,处理印染废水的HRT选择15h为佳．     

生物法处理含氮硫无机有机恶臭气体研究

生物滴滤塔处理含三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的双组分含氮硫无机有机混合恶臭气体的研究结果表明,生物法能有效去除含三甲胺和二硫化碳的混合恶臭气体,三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的去除效率分别可达99.8%、93.8%,生物脱臭装置对恶臭污染物的改变具有很强的适应性,对新恶臭污染物质的进入有较好的适应性,具有较好的抗冲击负荷性,运行稳定,能适应非连续性生产的要求。污染物之间没有明显的相互抑制作用,进气浓度的提高对三甲胺的生物降解效率影响微弱,对二硫化碳的生物降解效率影响较大。适宜空床停留时间为20.6 s,三甲胺去除几乎不受循环液pH变化的影响,二硫化碳的去除则在pH=7～8.3时较高。生物降解动力学研究表明,生物塔对三甲胺的最大去除能力优于二硫化碳,对二硫化碳的亲和力优于三甲胺。     

缺氧酸化联合零价铁-过氧化氢改善污泥脱水性能的研究

为探讨缺氧酸化联合零价铁(ZVI)-过氧化氢(H_2O_2)调理对污泥脱水性能的影响,本文通过单因素试验,以污泥比阻(SRF)作为参考指标,系统考察了调理条件对污泥脱水性能的影响.同时,在试验的最佳调理条件下,分析了污泥各层胞外聚合物(EPS)有机物质量浓度及荧光光谱强度以阐明该联合作用机理.结果表明,当初始pH为2,ZVI投加量为280 mg·g~(-1)(以干污泥量(DS)计,下同),缺氧时间为4 h,H_2O_2投加量为30 mg·g~(-1)(以DS计,下同),类芬顿反应时间为10 min时,SRF降低了90.39%,处理效果较单独类芬顿处理提升了1倍.机理探究试验表明,在缺氧条件下,酸化处理可加速污泥的水解,溶解得到更多的二价铁离子,促使EPS结构发生改变;ZVI-H_2O_2调理可有效地氧化部分EPS,使得紧密结合胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)破解转化至松散结合胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)和上清液胞外聚合物(SB-EPS).EPS分析结果表明,蛋白质的减少能有效提高污泥脱水性能,腐殖酸和富里酸类有机物的产生能提高污泥疏水性能.此外,ZVI的再次利用效率高,重复利用仍能使SRF降低率达到82.04%.因此,缺氧酸化联合ZVI-H_2O_2处理能实现污泥的水解、氧化和絮凝过程,达到改善污泥脱水性能的目的.     

亚硝酸盐对乳酸发酵缺氧-好氧SBR脱氮系统除磷的影响

在以可溶性淀粉为唯一碳源、进水含有硝态氮的缺氧-好氧SBR脱氮除磷系统中,研究了投配亚硝态氮对该乳酸发酵系统除磷的影响.试验结果显示,初始投加亚硝酸盐的浓度分别为2、5、10 mg·L~(-1)时对系统的缺氧吸磷及好氧吸磷都产生了抑制作用,缺氧阶段的释磷量和释磷速率随进水亚硝酸盐浓度的增大而升高.亚硝酸盐对缺氧期液相中乳酸和污泥中糖原的积累都有明显的影响,当亚硝酸盐浓度由0 mg·L~(-1)升至10 mg·L~(-1)时,乳酸浓度由14.06 mg·L~(-1)下降至1.56 mg·L~(-1),相反污泥中糖原的含量从235.69 mg·g~(-1)上升至272.97 mg·g~(-1)(以VSS计,下同),并且在好氧阶段糖原的消耗量增加,污泥的吸磷量也随之增加.研究表明,亚硝酸盐对淀粉直接发酵成乳酸的过程及糖原转化为乳酸的过程均有抑制作用.     

The first metagenome of activated sludge from full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor using Illumina sequencing

The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant. With more than 530,000 clean reads from different taxa and metabolic categories, the metagenome results allow us to gain insight into the functioning of the biological community of the A2O sludge. There are 51 phyla and nearly 900 genera identified from the A2O activated sludge ecosystem. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi are predominant phyla in the activated sludge, suggesting that these organisms play key roles in the biodegradation processes in the A2O sewage treatment system. Nitrospira, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Ignavibacterium, which have abilities to metabolize nitrogen and aromatic compounds, are most prevalent genera. The percent of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the A2O sludge is 2.72% and 1.48%, respectively. In the current A2O sludge, the proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter is 1.37%, which is several times more than that reported in a recent study of A2O sludge. Among the four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification related genes had the highest number of sequences (76.74%), followed by ammonification (15.77%), nitrogen fixation (3.88%) and nitrification (3.61%). In phylum Planctomycetes, four genera (Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Singulisphaera) are included in the top 30 abundant genera, suggesting the key role of ANAMMOX in nitrogen metabolism in the A2O sludge.     

长期饥饿后厌氧氨氧化工艺的运行及恢复性能研究

为研究如何快速恢复在突发状况下长期断流的厌氧氨氧化工艺的活性,比较分析了3个厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮性能及微生物种群变化.分别为R1(生物滤柱)、R2(膜生物反应器,MBR)、R3(MBR),其中R1与R2进水基质浓度相同,R2与R3反应器形式相同,进水基质浓度不同.结果表明:R1、R2、R3中的厌氧氨氧化污泥分别经过39d、93d、76d得到恢复,总氮去除率分别恢复至87.0%、83.4%、87.6%,总氮去除负荷分别恢复至0.359,0.114,0.244kg/(m³·d).R1与R2相比,厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱能够承受较高的水力负荷,长期断流后具有较高的稳定性,且更容易恢复.R2与R3相比,在进水基质浓度较高的条件下,厌氧氨氧化菌具有充足的营养底物,且高基质水平形成的底物浓度压力更有利于提升氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮在污泥内部的传质效果,恢复效果更好.高通量测序结果表明,3个反应器在恢复前(后)CandidatusKuenenia的相对丰度分别为17.3%(32.0%)、1.6%(2.6%)、1.8%(6.0%),恢复后R1中相对丰度最高.