工业废渣基除磷材料的静态吸附研究

研究了高效除磷材料（EPRC）对磷素的吸附特性,考察了投加量、初始浓度、初始pH值、粒径等对EPRC吸附性能的影响,分析了不同条件下EPRC的吸附过程。结果表明,最佳投加量为3.5 g/250 mL时,去除率达91.07%,出水TP浓度为0.45 mg/L。随着粒径减小,EPRC对磷素的吸附量增大,吸附平衡时间缩短。溶液初始pH值在碱性条件下,吸附容量变大。     

重金属锌胁迫下湿地植物对磷的吸收能力变化研究

选择4种常见的湿地植物,研究了重金属锌胁迫下,湿地植物对磷的吸收能力的变化。结果表明,当加入0.5 g ZnSO₄/kg 土壤时,4种湿地植物根表铁氧化物胶膜对锌的吸附量增加,而对磷的吸附量显著降低（p<0.05）;湿地植物根表铁氧化物胶膜上吸附的磷是湿地植物吸收的磷源,并影响湿地植物地上部分磷含量;在高浓度锌的胁迫下,灯心草地上部分铁含量增加,而导致地上部分磷含量显著降低（p<0.05）。湿地植物根表铁氧化物胶膜上的锌和地上部分铁含量都影响了湿地植物对磷的吸收。     

头孢类抗生素生产废水污染与处理现状

分析了头孢类抗生素生产废水的污染现状,指出了废水的来源及主要特征.介绍了目前常用的头孢类抗生素废水处理技术:物化处理技术和生物处理技术,其中厌氧(缺氧)-好氧组合工艺是处理高浓度头孢类抗生素废水的主要方法,提出了头孢类抗生素企业的污染防治对策.     

Pteris vittata – Revisited: Uptake of As and its speciation, impact of P, role of phytochelatins and S

Pteris vittata is known to hyperaccumulate As but the mechanism is poorly understood. We found an increase of As concentration with increasing soil solution As concentrations, but P application had no impact, although plant P concentrations responded to different rates of P supply. As in fronds was dominantly (82–89%) present in the form of AsIII. In roots we detected 45% as AsIII which is higher than reported in previous studies and supports substantial As-reduction to take place in roots. We detected PC2/3GS–AsIII, PC2–GS–AsIII and (PC2)2–AsIII in increasing amounts with application of As. The total amount of PC was in the range reported previously and far too small to assign a significant role in As detoxification to PCs. The close correlation between S and As in fronds and the lack of data on sulphur uptake and metabolism indicates the need for a detailed investigation on sulphur nutritional status and As metabolism in P. vittata.     

铁炭微电解-MAP沉淀法联合预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用铁炭微电解-磷酸氨镁(MAP)沉淀法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,实验结果表明,铁炭比为5∶1,pH值为3,反应时间为3 h时,铁炭微电解的COD的去除率为47.5%;在投加药剂n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)∶n(NH4+)为1.4∶1∶1,pH值为9,反应时间为1 h的条件下,垃圾渗滤液氨氮去除率达到79.7%。     

SBR脱氮系统污泥对磷的去除研究

为了研究缺氧(75 min)-好氧(294 min)交替运行的SBR系统中除磷的原因,采用静态实验,对比了不同碳源、水质及运行环境下对磷的去除情况。实验结果表明,该SBR脱氮系统中的好氧段磷的减少是生物去除的结果。当供给碳源为丙酸-乙酸混合物(摩尔比为2∶1)、葡萄糖、淀粉或蛋白胨时,污泥都可将磷去除,去除效率依次降低;COD/NO3--N为8.77∶1(400 mg/L∶45.6 mg/L)时除磷效果明显好于5.41∶1(400 mg/L∶73.9 mg/L)和3.57∶1(400 mg/L∶112 mg/L);进水磷浓度为8 mg/L时,COD由50 mg/L增加到400 mg/L,污泥对磷的去除效果基本一样;完全的缺氧或完全的好氧环境下,污泥对磷的去除能力逐渐丧失。     

大薸对水体氮磷去除效果的初步研究

通过大薸在模拟富营养化水体中的培养试验,研究其在不同程度富营养化水体中对N、P的去除效果。结果显示：在总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）初始浓度分别为245～941 mg/L和044～153 mg/L的3种富营养化水体中,大薸均可正常生长。经过21 d的生长,大薸鲜重达16433～1934 g,干重达857～1053 g,大薸鲜重的特定生长率为044%～119%/d,大薸干重的特定生长率为046%～14%/d,大薸的分株速率为133%～362%/d。3种富营养化水体中的N、P去除量分别为6920～31860 mg和1560～6600 mg,大薸的N、P吸收量分别为3520～20821 mg和899～4837 mg,且随水体初始N、P浓度的升高而增加。大薸吸收对水体N去除的贡献率为5326%～6524%,对水体P去除的贡献率分别为5958%～7419%。由此可以看出,大薸对氮磷具有较好的去除效果,在富营养化水体中种植大薸可起到改善水质的作用     

Soil-plant-animal transfer models to improve soil protection guidelines: a case study from Portugal

Food chain models are essential tools to assess risks of soil contamination in view of product quality including fodder crops and animal products. Here we link soil to plant transfer (SPT) models for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, U and Zn with models describing accumulation in animal organs. Current EU standards for food products and acceptable daily intake levels (ADI) for humans were used as critical limits. The combined model is used to assess the impact of soil contamination on animal health, product quality and human health using data from 100 arable fields. Results indicate that 42 existing arable fields near industrial and mining sites are unsuitable for animal grazing in view of food safety due to elevated intake of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb by cows and sheep. At 10 sites daily intake levels of As by cows exceeded threshold concentrations regarding the quality of animal products.The food chain model also was used inversely to derive soil threshold concentrations in view of EU fodder standards. Calculated threshold levels in soil for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn appear to be in line with those proposed or used in other EU countries. As such the approach applied here can form a conceptual basis for a more harmonized risk assessment strategy regarding the protection of animal and human health.     

响应面法优化烧烤竹炭对水中磷的吸附条件

采用响应面法优化烧烤竹炭(BBC)对水中磷的吸附条件。用Box-Behnken Design实验设计考察初始磷质量浓度、BBC粒径、BBC加人量和初始溶液pH等因素对磷去除率的影响。实验结果表明:各因素对磷去除率影响的大小顺序依次为初始溶液pHBBC粒径初始磷质量浓度BBC加入量;BBC吸附水中磷的最佳反应条件为初始磷质量浓度26.81 mg/L,BBC粒径0.15 mm,BBC加入量10.6 g/L,初始溶液pH 4.42;在最佳反应条件下,BBC对磷的去除率达90.04%。     

Fungicidal Impact on Chickpea–Mesorhizobium Symbiosis

Abstract

The effects of carbendazim, captan, thiram, and mancozeb, on plant vitality, chlorophyll content, N uptake, protein content, nodulation, and seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were assessed in a controlled environment. Seeds treated with fungicides at 1 and 1.5 g. a.i./kg seed had no significant adverse effect on plant vigor, seed yield, and N and protein contents. In contrast, fungicides applied at 2 g. a.i./kg of captan, thiram and mancozeb, significantly reduced the measured parameters. In general, the toxicity of fungicides in terms of seed yield increased in the following order: Control = carbendazim > thiram > captan > mancozeb. Total chlorophyll content in foliage declined consistently with fungicides dose rates and application days. Seeds treated with lower rates of fungicides significantly increased nodulation (nodule number per plant and its dry mass) and were compatible with chickpea inoculum used in this study. Although carbendazim at 2 g a.i./kg seed had no phytotoxic effect assessed under greenhouse conditions, it significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, nodulation (60 d) and N content in shoots.