不同镉浓度及pH条件下纳米沸石对土壤镉形态及大白菜镉吸收的影响

采用室内培养试验研究了不同镉浓度(1、5、10和15 mg·kg-1)及pH条件下(4、5、6、7和8)纳米沸石和普通沸石施用量(0、5、10和20 g·kg-1)对土壤镉形态分布和CEC的影响,并通过盆栽试验研究了纳米沸石和普通沸石施用量对大白菜生长、镉含量及积累量的影响.结果表明,施用纳米沸石和普通沸石均显著降低了土壤可交换态镉(EX-F)含量和FDC(即土壤中镉的某种形态占总镉的质量分数),增加了碳酸盐结合态(CAB-F)、铁锰氧化态(FMO-F)、有机态(OM-F)和残渣态(RES-F)镉含量和FDC.培养结束时,沸石处理使可交换态镉FDC从0 d时的72.0%~88.0%降至2.4%~10.7%,各处理土壤镉主要以可交换态存在.土壤pH与土壤EX-F镉含量存在极显著的负相关关系(P0.01),与FMO-F和OM-F镉含量存在极显著的正相关(P0.01).土壤CEC与土壤EX-F镉含量均存在极显著负相关关系(P0.01).施用沸石使大白菜植株各部位干重较对照增加了14.3%~131.4%,地上部和根镉含量分别降低了1.0%~75.0%和3.8%~53.2%.新晋菜三号各部位镉含量和镉积累量明显高于山东四号品种.与普通沸石相比,纳米沸石显著提高大白菜生物量的同时,也显著降低了大白菜镉含量及镉积累量.     

Absorption and translocation of sulfometuron-methyl in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) at different growth stages

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, weed management in sugarcane fields is mainly done with the use of selective herbicide formulations. For many years, diuron+hexazinone was one of the main herbicide mixture formulations used in sugarcane. Later, sulfometuron-methyl was included in the same mixture, which was marketed as a new herbicide formulation for residual in-season weed control in sugarcane. The mixture diuron+hexazinone+sulfometuron-methyl has been widely used in commercial sugarcane fields in Brazil. However, recent field observations have shown that sugarcane plants at different growth stages varied in their phytotoxicity levels after treatment with diuron+hexazinone+sulfometuron-methyl. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine ¹⁴Csulfometuron-methyl absorption and translocation, as well as ¹⁴C distribution in sugarcane at two growth stages, 2 to 3 leaves and 5 to 6 leaves. ¹⁴Csulfometuron-methyl absorption by sugarcane did not differ between the two growth stages. Different patterns of ¹⁴C accumulation were observed, which may explain variations in sulfometuron-methyl phytotoxic responses observed in the field.     

A salt-free pickling regime for hides and skins using oxazolidine

During the last few decades new materials and technologies have being studied and applied in order to reduce the ecological impact of leather production. Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners and researchers to look for eco-benign pickling and tanning processes. In this study, we would focus on the novel process development of pickling with the presence of oxazolidine based product. Investigations indicated that oxazolidine is a potential material to replace neutral salts in pickling and, realize high chrome exhaustion in the subsequential chrome tanning.     

溶液pH对红壤吸持磷机理的影响

本文研究了湘南红壤对磷酸盐的吸附机理。结果表明，在通常ｐＨ范围内，第四纪红粘土母质对Ｈ２Ｐ０４＾－的吸附等温式以Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程式最好；而且吸附量远远大于旱地红壤。当介质ｐＨ很低时，红壤磷酸盐吸附量随ｐＨ的升高而增加，至ｐＨ２．９附近时出现最大吸附值，然后随介质ｐＨ的升高，吸附量逐渐减少。说明磷酸盐最大吸附ｐＨ的产生是由土壤交换性铝的含量及水解、土壤电荷零点及磷酸盐水解常数等因素决定。     

The Relationship Between Iodine, Chlorinity, Ph, Reactive Phosphate, Nitrite and Organic Matter in the Coastal Water of Alexandria

Water samples were taken from 12 stations at El-Dikheila Harbour, El-Mex Bay, Western Harbour, Qayet Bey outfall, Eastern Harbour, El-Ibrahemiya, Gleem, Sidi Bishr and Mandara, during January, April, August and November 1995. the area lies between latitude 31˚ 8' and 31˚ 17' North and longitude 29˚ 47' and 30˚ East. the annual mean of chlorinity (11.69-20.5%₀), pH (7.9-8.3), reactive phosphate (0.31-2.24 μM), nitrite (0.18-1.98 μM), oxidizable organic matter (1.97-8.95 mgO₂ 1^-1), iodide (21.14-46.74 μg 1^-1) and iodate (4.61-2.04 μg 1^-1) were measured. Iodide content in water is three times higher than iodate. Iodide is positively correlated with chlorinity (r=0.65) and iodate (r=0.45), while it is negatively correlated with nitrite (r= -0.72), oxidizable organic matter (r= -0.55) and pH (r= -0.4).     

RADIUM - 226 IN GROUND WATER OF WEST CENTRAL FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Principal U.S. phosphate production is from central Florida where mining, processing, and waste disposal practices intimately associate the industry with water resouces. Available radium-226 data from 1966 and from 1973–1976 in mined and unmined mincralized areas and nonmineralized areas in the primary study area in Polk, Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and De Soto counties were studied using log-normal probability plots and nonparametric statistical tests for significant difference as functions of time, depth, and location. Plots of radium in the water table and Floridan aquifers for mineralized and nonmineralized areas indicate that neither phosphate mineralization nor the industry is a probable factor. For the Lower Floridan aquifer, three separate radium populations are indicated with geometric means of 0.7, 3, and 10 pCi/1. Geometric mean radium-226 content of the water table aquifer is 0.17 pCi/1. Radium in the Floridan aquifer in Manatee and Sarasota Counties is elevated relative to that in the water table and in other areas of Florida. For Sarasota County, geometric mean radium content of the water table is 15 pCi/l versus 7.5 pCi/l in the Floridan. Potential sources include shallow phosphate sediments and monazite sands and possibly crystalline basement rocks or other strata unrelated to phosphatic zones of current economic interest. The existing radium-226 data base is rather marginal in terms of number and spatial distribution of analyses, particularly for the water table and Upper Floridan aquifer. Existing radium data do not substantiate widespread contamination of ground water as a result of the phosphate industry. However, local contamination associated with specific operations has occurred.     

Elemental Uptake by Seaweed,Plocamium corallorhirza Along the KwaZulu-Natal Coast of Indian Ocean,South Africa

This study reports the elemental uptake by Plocamium corallorhiza, a Rhodophyta class of coralline alga grown richly along KwaZulu-Natal coastline. The uptake of seven important elements, namely Fe, Mn, As, B, Ti, Zn and Hg, selected based on their abundance in the samples, were investigated for a one-year cycle, from June 2002 to May 2003, at four chosen sites located along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline. The sites spread over 150 km from North to South Coast are Zinkwasi, Ballito, Treasure Beach and Park Rynie. P. corallorhiza possess good manganese and arsenic-accumulating ability and has potential to be an excellent indicator for most of the metals studied. A typical P. corallorhiza sample at Park Rynie (winter) recorded Mn (14 ppm), Fe (6.02 ppm), As (8.4 ppm), B (1580 ppb), Zn (234 ppb), Ti (751 ppb) and Hg (15.8 ppb). The general trend found at all sites was a large decrease in iron concentration in spring and summer and increase in winter. Mercury uptake was lowest in winter and autumn at all sites. The highest mercury levels in the seaweeds were recorded during spring or summer.