云南省抚仙湖流域帽天山磷矿区磷流失过程模拟研究

通过批平衡实验和土柱淋溶实验,模拟在环境因子(pH值、降雨频度)的影响下,磷矿石、废土石和废渣中磷的释放规律.结果表明,磷石膏和泥磷中磷的释放受pH值的影响较小,维持较为恒定的高释放量.磷矿石、矿坑沉积物和废土石中磷的解吸受pH值影响,pH值愈低,愈有利于磷的释放;当解吸溶液pH值为3.50时,废土石和磷矿石中磷的释放量仍可达到2.25 mg·l-1和3.15 mg·l-1.间歇淋溶过程促进了磷矿石、废土石和磷石膏中磷的释放,对废土石中磷的释放作用尤为显著,干燥后再次降雨的释放量比初期降雨高出3倍.帽天山磷矿区大面积裸露的磷矿石剖面、废土石堆场和废渣堆场在酸性溶液的淋溶作用下能够产生大量的磷流失,而且这个过程是持久的,是抚仙湖水质下降的主要因素.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for advanced municipal wastewater treatment: is it feasible?

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） is a recently developed process to treat ammonia-rich wastewater. There were numerous articles about the new technology with focus on the ammonium-rich wastewater treatment, but few on advanced municipal wastewater treatment. The paper studied the anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process with a down flow anoxic biofilter for nitrogen removal from secondary clarifier effluent of municipal wastewater with low COD/N ratio. The results showed that ANAMMOX process is applicable to advanced wastewater treatment with normal temperature as well as ammonia-rich high temperature wastewater treatment. The results indicated that ammonia removal rate was improved by raising the nitrite concentration, and the reaction rate reached a climax at 118.4 mgN/L of the nitrite nitrogen concentration. If the concentration exceeds 118.4 mgN/L, the ANAMMOX process was significantly inhibited although the ANAMMOX bacteria still showed a relatively high reactivity. The data also indicated that the ratio of NO2^- -N：NH4 ＊ -N = 1.3：1 in the influent was appropriate for excellent nitrogen removal. The pH increased gradually along the ANAMMOX biofilter reactor. When the ANAMMOX reaction was ended, the pH was tend to calm. The data suggested that the pH could be used as an indicator to describe the course of ANAMMOX reaction.     

移动床生物膜反应器处理废水的特性研究

以氧吸收速率(Rou)为指标,研究了移动床生物膜反应器内两相污泥中自养菌和异养菌的生物活性.分别测定了不同温度和不同负荷下,反应区内悬浮相和附着相污泥的Rou.结果表明:温度为5 ℃时,自养菌的硝化活性为18 ℃时的60%左右;附着相微生物的硝化能力较悬浮相微生物低20%～30%;该反应器具有良好的抗低温和负荷冲击的能力.该反应器内2个反应区中附着相和悬浮相污泥的生物活性为:反应区Ⅱ悬浮相>反应区Ⅰ悬浮相>反应区Ⅱ附着相>反应区Ⅰ附着相.反应区Ⅰ,Ⅱ的反硝化速率分别为0.44和0.63 mg/(g·h),说明后者污泥的反硝化活性好于前者.试验结果还表明,在反应器内NO2--N的积累量非常低.      

磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除NH3-N的影响因素及应用研究

针对NH3N浓度为200—1000mg·l-1的废水,以磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除NH3N,通过正交试验确定影响磷酸铵镁沉淀反应的因素依次为:pH值,PO3-4∶NH 4,Mg2 ∶NH 4和反应时间;最优反应条件分别为pH=8,Mg2 ∶PO3-4∶NH 4=1.4∶1.2∶1,反应时间10min,分别考察pH值,PO34投加量,Mg2 投加量和NH3N初始浓度对磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除NH3N的效率及出水NH3N和TP浓度的影响,对养猪场废水和焦化废水中NH3N的处理,最高去除率分别达到81.01%和73.63%,同时,两种废水相应的COD和色度的最大去除率分别达到81.33%、72.97%和50.27%、20.94%.     

水中毒物对硝化反应毒性的快速检测

本文描述了一种利用硝化细菌快速、灵敏的检测急性毒物的方法 ,该方法将ATU作为亚硝酸细菌的选择性抑制剂 ,通过测定硝化细菌的耗氧速率来反映毒物毒性作用的大小 ,同时测定毒物的EC50 值。将本方法应用于底泥毒性检测中 ,与传统方法相比结果一致。     

HAP诱导磷酸钙结晶回收低磷污水中的磷

为提高磷酸钙结晶产物回收价值和低磷适应性,以羟基磷酸钙(HAP)为晶种,诱导Ca-P结晶回收模拟二级出水(初始PO4-P浓度1.0mg/L)中的磷,对比了诱导结晶与均相结晶的磷回收效果,考察了Ca/P比和晶种投加量对磷回收的影响,并结合产物SEM、EDS、XRD和FTIR分析,探讨了HAP诱导Ca-P结晶机制.结果表明...     

木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙的研究

利用木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆,降低矿浆流动起点水分,既简化普钙生产流程,降低普钙生产成本,又能消除造纸黑液污染。试验结果表明：木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆最佳黑液投入量为0.027mL/g矿粉,当矿浆含水率控制在26％～28％之间时,矿浆粘度可降至0.70Pa·s以下,所生产的鲜钙能满足质量要求。为造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙提供了理论和技术依据     

Synthesis of porous iron hydroxy phosphate from phosphate residue and its application as a Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation

Phosphate residue is a kind of hazardous solid waste and if not properly disposed of, could cause serious environmental contaminations. The abundant iron salt available in phosphate residue can be used to prepare photo-Fenton catalytic reagent for wastewater treatment. In this study, the phosphate residue was effectively purified by a hydrothermal recrystallization method, reaching an iron phosphate purity of 94.2%. The particles of iron phosphate were further processed with ball milling with th...     

焦化废水处理新工艺研究

对某钢铁厂焦化废水进行曝气吹脱10h,氨氮去除率达73.7%,然后用缺氧-SBR工艺处理焦化废水,进水浓度为COD1474mg/L、NH3-N826.8mg/L时,缺氧SRT10h,SBR曝气10h,沉降2h,出水COD186mg/L、NH3-N290.25mg/L,去除率分别达到87.83%、64.9%。