负载型纳米TiO2/AC对偶氮染料的光催化降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯和粒状活性炭(AC)为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备出负载型纳米TiO2/AC催化剂.在流化床反应器中分别对2种典型的偶氮类染料橙黄G、活性艳红X-3B模拟废水进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了pH值、外加氧化剂对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生利用试验.结果表明,TiO2/AC催化剂具有良好的光催化活性、吸附特性及可再生性,60 min后对2种染料反应的光催化降解率分别可达到99.71%和97 12%,反应180 min后的TOC去除率分别达到81.54%和81.99%;反应后TiO2/AC催化剂回收率大于95%,经焙烧再生后对橙黄G反应60 min的光催化降解率仍高达95.93%.     

活性污泥法处理染料废水的研究

采用活性污泥法，以牛粪浆作污泥源，粉煤灰为生物载体，结合新型的喷射环流三相生物反应器，试验研究了三苯甲烷类碱性染料废水降解过程的特性及降解反应器内的流体力学行为     

锰砂催化电化学方法对染料K2G脱色效果的研究

研究了锰砂催化电化学方法对偶氮染料K2G的脱色效果 .结果表明 ,锰砂中的主要成份MnOOH对电化学过程具有催化作用 ,可有效地提高染料的脱色效率 .对锰砂的X光衍射实验证明 ,反应过程中MnOOH的含量无较大变化 .染料溶液的起始pH值对其脱色率没有明显的影响 .在最佳电流密度di 为 0 2 6A·dm- 2 ,Na2 SO4 浓度为0 0 1mol·l- 1时 ,电解 70min ,浓度为 1 0 0mg·l- 1的染料K2G的脱色率能达到 99% .     

物化技术处理高浓度染料废水的研究进展

由于染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、难降解等特点，对其有效处理一直是个难题。因此，综述了国内外的物理法、化学法，特别是高级氧化技术在处理染料废水中的进展情况，并指出物化技术和生物技术相结合的发展趋势。     

Investigating the sources of the mutagenic activity found in a river using the Salmonella assay and different water extraction procedures

In the routine São Paulo state (Brazil) surface water quality-monitoring program, which includes the Salmonella microsome mutagenicity assay as one of its parameters, a river where water is taken and treated for drinking water purposes has repeatedly shown mutagenic activity. A textile dyeing facility employing azo-type dyes was the only identifiable source of mutagenic compounds. We extracted the river and drinking water samples with XAD4 at neutral and acidic pH and with blue rayon, which selectively adsorbs polycyclic compounds. We tested the industrial effluent, raw, and treated water and sediment samples with YG1041 and YG1042 and compared the results with the TA98 and TA100 strains. The elevated mutagenicity detected with YG-strains suggested that nitroaromatics and/or aromatic amines were causing the mutagenicity detected in the samples analyzed. Positive responses for the blue rayon extracts indicated that mutagenic polycyclic compounds were present in the water samples analyzed. The mutagen or mixture of mutagens present in the effluent and water samples cause mainly frameshift mutations and are positive with and without metabolic activation. The Salmonella assay combined with different extraction procedures proved to be very useful in the identification of the origin of the pollution and in the identification of the classes of chemical compounds causing the mutagenic activity in the river analyzed.     

隔膜槽中ACF电极成对电解脱色活性艳蓝KN-R

同时以活性炭纤维(ACF)为阳极和阴极,在隔膜电解槽中研究了不同电流密度下蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的电化学脱色.考察了ACF阳极和ACF阴极各自对染料的脱色性能.结果表明,当电流密度为1.0～1.5 mA/cm2时,电解槽中发生阳极电氧化和阴极电还原同时进行的成对电解脱色.在ACF电极上,活性艳蓝KN-R的电氧化脱色比电还原脱色容易进行,1.0 mA/cm2时,阴阳两极室脱色率分别为69%和93%,而1.5 mA/cm2时,阳极室脱色率保持在93%,阴极室脱色率达到79%.     

印染工业废水处理工程设计要点

结合印染工业废水处理工程现状，提出应重视印染废水处理工程的工艺设汁，分析讨论了在印染工业废水处理工程设汁中要引起注意的三个方面问题。     

染料废水生物降解的产物分析

介绍了含酸性蒽醌蓝324染料废水在兼氧-好氧系统中的生物转化.产物分析结果表明:80.5%的母体染料大分子能在兼氧条件下降解成较为简单的中间产物,并且这些中间产物能在好氧条件下进一步矿化.对各反应器中主要的代谢产物分别进行紫外-可见、红外(FT-IR)和高效液相色-质联谱仪(HPLC-MS)检测分析后发现,母体染料经兼氧水解首先生成1-氨基-2-羟基蒽醌以及还原态的-OH基取代蒽醌隐色体,进一步水解生成3,4-二羟基苯甲酸.再经好氧处理,降解终产物中检测到了质荷比为101、102的脂肪类碳氢化合物、胺及醇等物质,未见有共轭结构存在.     

Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process

BACKGROUND: Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facultative biofilm reactor (FBR) with an aerobic reactor (AR) to treat a dye wastewater. The efficiencies of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the mechanism of dye degradation were investigated. METHODS: The anthraquinone acid dye (acid blue BRLL) concentration, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were varied in the experiments to evaluate the treatment efficiency and process stability. The biodegradation products were detected by infrared (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results demonstrated that the facultative biofilm process was more effective for decolorization than the anaerobic stage of an anaerobic-aerobic process. Most color removal occurred in the facultative reaction (maximum to 88.5%) and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand): COD of the FBR effluent increased by 82.2%, thus improving the biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment. The dye concentration, OLR and HRT will be the factors affecting decolorization. Color removal efficiency falls as the influent dye concentration increases, but rises with increased HRT. The infrared and HPLC-MS analyses of the effluents of FBR and AR reveal that the dye parent compound was degraded in each reactor during the process. CONCLUSION: The Facultative-aerobic (F-A) system can effectively remove both color and COD from the dye wastewater. The FBR played an essential role in the process. The average overall color and COD in the system were removed by more than 93.9% and 97.1%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and at the HRT of 18-20 hours in the FBR and 4-5 hours in the AR. The color removal mechanism in each reactor was not only a sort of biosorption on the floc materials, but even more an effect of biodegradation, especially in the facultative process. Recommendation and Outlook. In applying the F-A system to treat a dye wastewater, the control of facultative processes and the set up of appropriate operation conditions appear to be critical factors. Also, it is suggested a moderate COD loading rate and about a 24-hour HRT will favor the F-A system.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水,采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验.试验运行结果表明,臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性,BOD/COD值由原水的0.18上升到0.36.经组合工艺处理后出水COD＜40 mg/L,色度40倍以下,SS约50 mg/L,处理效果良好.