稻草基质中白腐菌降解三苯甲烷类染料机制探讨

通过研究稻草固体基质及其不同处理形式、木质素酶、木质纤维素共降解等对染料降解的影响,探讨了侧耳属白腐菌BP在稻草固体基质中对三苯甲烷类染料的降解及作用机制.结果表明,稻草固体基质中染料降解主要是以木质素酶系作用为基础的共降解过程.但对不同染料起降解作用的因素不同,其中溴酚蓝的降解主要依靠木质素酶系作用,孔雀绿的降解依靠以木质素酶系为基础的共降解作用,而结晶紫的降解则主要随木质纤维素的降解作用而共降解.     

辉光放电等离子体降解模拟染料废水的研究

用辉光放电等离子体技术对伊红B模拟染料废水降解进行了研究.借助紫外光谱和荧光光谱分析其降解过程,用酸度计测定了降解液pH的变化,用原子力显微镜观察了降解过程中伊红B的形貌并初步探讨了降解机理.结果表明,伊红B被降解为CO2、H2O和简单无机盐;在波长为513 nm时,降解110 min后,脱色率达到95%;反应后降解液pH降低,说明反应过程中有羧酸类物质生成.通过吸光度值计算得到了动力学常数k=0.0206 min-1,降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征.     

黑曲霉吸附弱酸性艳蓝RAWL的机理

为了研究黑曲霉吸附弱酸性艳蓝RAWL（简称染料）的机理,通过红外光谱和化学修饰的方法,考察了黑曲霉对染料吸附性能的pn响应模式,表征了黑曲霉干粉菌体表面的主要官能团组成及不同官能团对吸附染料的贡献。实验结果表明：在强酸性（pH不大于2）条件下黑曲霉对染料的吸附效果最好;黑曲霉干粉菌体表面含有氨基、羧基和磷酸根;经脂质脱除、磷酸根酯化修饰、羧基酯化修饰、氨基甲基化修饰后对染料的吸附性能不变,而乙酰化氨基在酸性体系中失去质子化能力,对染料的吸附性能下降51．6％,说明低pH条件下氨基质子化导致带正电的黑曲霉干粉菌体与带负电的染料之间的静电引力是吸附染料的重要原因。     

微生物在含染料废水处理中的应用

印染和染料废水属于难处理工业废水.常规的物化方法费用大,产生污泥多,使用不普遍.生物法克服了这些缺点,正受到越来越多的关注,其中关于微生物的脱色能力有不少研究报告.利用微生物进行染料脱色和降解被认为是去除这些污染物的经济有效的方法.真菌,细菌和藻类均可以降解部分染料,特别是白腐真菌P.chrysosporium的脱色能力有了大量的研究结果.本文综合了最近几年真菌,细菌和藻类在染料废水脱色降解中作用的研究成果,并据此初步分析了染料降解机理和部分影响因素.     

含硫染料中间体废水中硫的脱除与回收

对含硫染料中间体废水中硫的脱除与回收进行了研究。试验结果表明：采用铁屑过滤－混凝法,在最佳操作条件下,硫去除率为９８．５％,ＣＯＤ去除率为６５．０％,出水清澈透明。同时回收得到Ｎａ２Ｓ质量分数为５６％的水溶液,可直接用于染料中间体的生产。本方法将废水中的硫化合物以Ｎａ２Ｓ形式回收,为该类废水的治理开辟了一条新途径。     

Electrocatalytic biofilm reactor for effective and energy-efficient azo dye degradation: the synergistic effect of MnOx/Ti flow-through anode and biofilm on the cathode

● MnO _x /Ti flow-through anode was coupled with the biofilm-attached cathode in ECBR. ● ECBR was able to enhance the azo dye removal and reduce the energy consumption. ● Mn^IV=O generated on the electrified MnO _x /Ti anode catalyzed the azo dye oxidation. ● Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the cathode degraded azo dye intermediate products. ● Biodegradation of intermediate products was stimulated under the electric field. Dyeing wastewater treatment remains a challenge. Although effective, the in-series process using electrochemical oxidation as the pre- or post-treatment of biodegradation is long. This study proposes a compact dual-chamber electrocatalytic biofilm reactor (ECBR) to complete azo dye decolorization and mineralization in a single unit via anodic oxidation on a MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode followed by cathodic biodegradation on carbon felts. Compared with the electrocatalytic reactor with a stainless-steel cathode (ECR-SS) and the biofilm reactor (BR), the ECBR increased the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency by 24 % and 31 % (600 mg/L Acid Orange 7 as the feed, current of 6 mA), respectively. The COD removal efficiency of the ECBR was even higher than the sum of those of ECR-SS and BR. The ECBR also reduced the energy consumption (3.07 kWh/kg COD) by approximately half compared with ECR-SS. The advantages of the ECBR in azo dye removal were attributed to the synergistic effect of the MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode and cathodic biofilms. Catalyzed by Mn^IV=O generated on the MnO_x/Ti anode under a low applied current, azo dyes were oxidized and decolored. The intermediate products with improved biodegradability were further mineralized by the cathodic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (non-electrochemically active) under the stimulation of the applied current. Taking advantage of the mutual interactions among the electricity, anode, and bacteria, this study provides a novel and compact process for the effective and energy-efficient treatment of azo dye wastewater.     

Adsorption of malachite green and chrysoidine-Y by Sn-pillared clay

The aim of this research was to pillar the bentonite clay (Bt) with polyhydroxy tin chloride. The synthesized Tin-pillared interlayer clay (Sn-PILC) was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmer Teller (BET) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption capacity of raw-Bt and tin pillared interlayer clay (Sn-PILC) was examined for two dyes, namely, Malachite Green (MG) and Chrysoidine-Y (CY) from their aqueous solutions. The effects of physicochemical parameters like solution pH, dose, and dye concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency at equilibrium dye concentration for Sn-PILC was 66.229 mg g^–1 for MG and 63.792 mg g^–1 for CY. Sn-PILC obeyed Langmuir isotherm for both the dyes whereas raw-Bt followed Freundlich isotherm. On the other hand, both adsorbents followed PFO as well as PSO kinetic model, indicating physisorption assisted by chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of Sn-PILC for both the dyes. Regeneration studies revealed 80% efficiency up-to five adsorption-desorption cycles.     

染料废水物理化学脱色技术的现状与进展

本文按吸附,混凝,化学氧化,离子交换,超滤膜等几个方面分别论述了染料废水物理化学脱化技术的现状与发展情况。     

H2O2-O3氧化法处理染料中间体H酸和1-氨基蒽醌生产废液的研究

研究采用羟基自由基氧化法处理难生物降解染料中间体Ｈ酸和１－氢基蒽醌生产废液提高其生物降解性。研究表明,羟基自由基是一种非常强的氧化剂,能迅速分解有机物,改善废水的生物降解性能,经羟基自由基氧化处理后,能提高废水的絮凝处理效率,本文还对羟基自由基氧化反应机理作了探讨。     

AgI-AgBr/硅藻土复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用一步法制备了AgBr/硅藻土、Ag-AgBr/硅藻土、AgI-AgBr/硅藻土3种复合光催化剂,采用SEM,XPS,UV-VisDRS,BET,XRD技术对复合材料进行了表征,并以其为光催化剂,在可见光下降解水中罗丹明B(RhB)。表征结果显示,AgI-AgBr/硅藻土具有最大的比表面积,且在可见光区的光吸收效率最高。实验结果表明:AgI-AgBr/硅藻土表现出最强的光催化活性,光反应40min时的RhB去除率即可达99.8%;该催化剂具有优异的稳定性,5次重复使用时的RhB去除率仍可达90%以上;AgI和AgBr形成异质结,有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高了AgI-AgBr/硅藻土的光催化活性;空穴是光催化降解RhB过程中起主要作用的活性物种。