Research and application of kapok fiber as an absorbing material: A mini review

Kapok fiber corresponds to the seed hairs of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra), and is a typical cellulosic fiber with the features of thin cell wall, large lumen, low density and hydrophobic- oleophilic properties. As a type of renewable natural plant fiber, kapok fiber is abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable, and its full exploration and potential application have received increasing attention in both academic and industrial fields. Based on the structure and properties of kapok fiber, this review provides a summary of recent research on kapok fiber including chemical and physical treatments, kapok fiber-based compositematerials, and the application of kapok fiber as an absorbent material for oils, metal ions, dyes, and sound, with special attention to its use as an oil-absorbing material, one predominant application of kapok fiber in the coming future.     

严酷海洋大气环境下玻璃纤维复合材料腐蚀老化规律研究

目的 研究严酷海洋大气环境下,玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的腐蚀老化规律.方法 通过实海大气环境试验,分析了南海岛礁大气环境下,复合材料暴露不同周期后的腐蚀形貌特征以及力学性能变化规律,建立了腐蚀老化性能预测灰色模型GM(1,1),并与青岛、厦门和三亚等典型海洋大气环境进行对比研究.结果 随暴露时间的增长,南海岛礁大气环境下的复合材料发生严重的纤维裸露,其弯曲强度呈下降趋势,基于弯曲强度建立的灰色模型GM(1,1)精度达到1级;与其他典型海洋大气环境相比,随着纬度的降低,复合材料的弯曲强度呈下降趋势.结论 灰色模型GM(1,1)对复合材料在岛礁等严酷海洋大气环境下的腐蚀老化性能预测精度较高.影响复合材料性能的最主要环境因素为辐照,其次为相对湿度和温度.     

石油化工原料和产品运输事故应急预案体系研究

根据石油化工原料和产品运输的重要性以及当前我国面临的石油化工原料和产品运输事故严峻的安全形势,分别从应急预案体系的构成、要素、编制、响应以及维护等方面进行论述和研讨,为政府和企业制定石油化工原料和产品运输事故应急预案提供一种新的思路。针对构建该类应急预案过程中可能忽略的问题进行分析并给出解决问题的方法,旨在提高石油化工原料和产品运输事故应急预案的可操作性。     

苯基改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成与表征

采用一步法在酸性条件下以聚乙氧基聚丙氧基聚乙氧基三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)直接缩合制备了苯基改性介孔分子筛Ph-SBA-15,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的样品不仅保持了高度有序的SBA-15的二维六角结构,而且具有较高的热稳定性,较大的比表面,孔容和孔径。     

微米SiC/石墨烯复合物光催化降解罗丹明B

为发展低耗和环境友好的有机物降解技术,采用光催化还原制备微米级碳化硅(SiC)/石墨烯复合材料,XRD、FTIR、Raman光谱、XPS和SEM等手段表征其物相组成和形貌结构,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为模拟污染物,研究了复合材料在可见光照射下的光催化活性和稳定性;通过活性物种捕获实验初步探讨了RhB的光催化降解机制.结果表明,SiC与石墨烯复合延长了光生电子和光生空穴的寿命,提高了材料的光催化活性与稳定性.当SiC/石墨烯配比为1∶0. 8时,光照60 min时RhB的降解率可以达到92. 7%,降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程.光催化降解RhB过程中,主要活性物种的贡献依次为:光生空穴(h⁺)>超氧阴离子自由基(·O₂^-)>光生电子(e^-)>羟基自由基(·OH).     

Treating landfill gas hydrogen sulphide with mineral wool waste (MWW) and rod mill waste (RMW)

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) gas is a major odorant at municipal landfills. The gas can be generated from different waste fractions, for example demolition waste containing gypsum based plaster board. The removal of H₂S from landfill gas was investigated by filtering it through mineral wool waste products. The flow of gas varied from 0.3 l/min to 3.0 l/min. The gas was typical for landfill gas with a mean H₂S concentration of ca. 4500 ppm. The results show that the sulphide gas can effectively be removed by mineral wool waste products. The ratios of the estimated potential for sulphide precipitation were 19:1 for rod mill waste (RMW) and mineral wool waste (MWW). A filter consisting of a mixture of MWW and RMW, with a vertical perforated gas tube through the center of filter material and with a downward gas flow, removed 98% of the sulfide gas over a period of 80 days. A downward gas flow was more efficient in contacting the filter materials. Mineral wool waste products are effective in removing hydrogen sulphide from landfill gas given an adequate contact time and water content in the filter material. Based on the estimated sulphide removal potential of mineral wool and rod mill waste of 14 g/kg and 261 g/kg, and assuming an average sulphide gas concentration of 4500 ppm, the removal capacity in the filter materials has been estimated to last between 11 and 308 days. At the studied location the experimental gas flow was 100 times less than the actual gas flow. We believe that the system described here can be upscaled in order to treat this gas flow.     

Risk analysis for road and rail transport of hazardous materials: a GIS approach

An approach to transportation risk analysis for road and rail transport of dangerous goods is proposed, which is based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to manage territorial information, coupled with a product data bank in a risk evaluation tool. Such an approach enables to accurately take into account the local data affecting risk analysis, such as population, accident rate, and weather conditions along all the route, by means of a system which can be easily updated. The resulting risk evaluation tool assists in the step of route identification and allows to rapidly perform an accurate transportation risk analysis, for a single transportation event as well as for multiple substances, trips and itineraries.     

ZnO超细粉的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用直接沉淀法和均匀沉淀法制备ZnO超细粉,研究光照、粒径的改变对ZnO超细粉抗菌性能的影响。     

管道内可燃物爆炸问题现状与研究方向

文章首先对问题进行提炼,然后从机理、试验两个方面就研究现状做了综述,结语部分指出了进步的研究方向。     

烟气脱硫副产物的综合利用

通过分析烟气脱硫石膏的性能 ,介绍了脱硫石膏的利用情况和研究进展 ,利用脱硫石膏生产建筑材料 ,如 β石膏和α石膏的工艺日臻成熟 ,利用脱硫石膏生产水泥辅料已进入工业化 ,而利用脱硫石膏生产充填尾砂胶结剂已经完成试验阶段 ,脱硫石膏在农业上也有很广泛的用途。