高温过滤材料的应用及发展趋势

综述了国内外高温滤料的研究和发展情况,介绍了各种高温滤料的性能及其在相关行业的应用状况,分析了高温滤料的市场前景和技术发展趋势。     

Ignition characteristics, conditions of criticality and disappearance of criticality of cumene hydroperoxide reaction by modeling approach

The thermal explosion problem of cumene hydroperoxide exothermic reaction which is used in chemical industries for production of some chemical materials is investigated. The analytical solutions of the problem to determine the margin between ignition and non-ignition systems are presented. The solution offers different analytical expressions which relate between the critical parameters for both steady and unsteady-states in different planes of solutions for different cases. The numerical solutions in different planes offer different trajectories of solution as sub-critical (non-ignition) and supercritical (ignition). Also from the numerical solution the relations between the critical parameters are presented. The critical behaviors from both analytical and numerical solutions are concise and pertained the same results.     

时变条件下公路危险品罐车运输路线选择

为合理选择公路运输危险品路线,保障运输安全,将用于求解静态路径规划问题的Diikstra标号法进行推广和改进,提出指标累积值标号法,运用该方法并依据危险品罐车运输事故统计数据,建立了时变条件下以路段泄漏事故率、路侧人口密度及路段运输费用为指标的危险品罐车公路运输路线选择模型.并给出待选路线对比原则.实例应用表明,该模型充分考虑了事故概率、事故后果及运输成本3大危险品运输路线选择影响因素,使用方便且受主观因素影响小,具有较好的实用性.     

A stochastic weather generation model for Alaska

A specific problem encountered in ecosystem-level simulation of Arctic ecosystems is the depth and extent of the driving variable record. Often, climate records are of short duration, gathered at locations different from the area to be simulated, or do not contain all the variables required by a given model. This paper addresses this problem for ecosystem simulation in Alaska with the development of a weather generator. The generator, called WGENAL, is based on the WGEN climate generator developed and validated in the 48 conterminous states. Because of the extreme variability of weather in Alaska that is not accommodated by the statistical metrics in the earlier model, a new climate generator was developed. WGENAL generates daily values of precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation, and wind run. Precipitation is generated using a Markov chain-gamma model. A two-parameter gamma distribution is used to generate wind run. Temperatures and solar radiation are generated using procedures developed in the earlier study. Validation of the generator shows it provides adequate diurnal and seasonal weather records for Fairbanks. Other comparisons of synthetic weather with observed weather for sites north of the Brooks Range in Alaska are also within the error of the original data.     

广东省不同母质赤红壤磷的吸附与解吸

研究了广东省4种不同母质赤红壤磷的吸附与解吸特征,结果表明,4种不同母质赤红壤等温吸附方程（Langmuir方程,Freundilch方程和Temkin方程）的拟合结果都达到了极显著的水平。土训吸附磷量由大到小的顺序为：玄武岩＞页岩＞花岗岩＞砂页岩。赤红壤对磷的解吸顺序为：玄武岩＜页岩＜花岗岩＜砂页岩,说明粘粒较少的母质土壤对磷的吸附力也小,因此,更容量解吸。提高土壤有机质的含量,可以改善土训的供磷性能。     

江苏省含低放射性废渣清洁解控技术规范探讨

以江苏省稀土行业废渣实际情况为背景,基于国内外对天然放射性物质(NORM)的管理限值水平,通过理论研究和模型构建,建立了废渣中放射性核素质量活度与现场γ剂量率之间的关系。通过现场实验和样品γ谱核素分析结果进行模型修正,在留有足够安全冗余的情况下确定现场γ剂量率筛选水平,并提出了一套操作性较强的NORM废物γ剂量率筛选现场检验程序。     

土壤污染修复技术研究进展

总结了当前针对污染土壤的物理化学、生物及联合修复技术研究进展,归纳了纳米材料、生物炭和表面活性剂等新兴修复材料的优缺点及应用情况。提出今后的研究方向为强化生物修复技术,开展联合修复技术、复合材料修复技术及土壤修复技术风险防范研究。     

环境监测实验室重要试剂及耗材的质量验收方法

阐述了对环境监测实验室重要试剂及消耗性材料进行质量验收的必要性,以实验用水、过硫酸钾、活性炭采样管和滤膜等典型的试剂及消耗材料为例,介绍了常用的重要试剂及消耗性材料质量验收的程序、范围、方法、要求与结果讨论.     

室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品研究

根据中国对室内空气污染监测的实际需要,介绍了室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品的研制方法,包括试剂的验证、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析定值和测定数据的统计检验等方面。氨标准样品采用重量法制备,用纳氏试剂分光光度法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。研究结果表明,氨标准样品的均匀性良好,室温条件下可稳定18个月以上;在全面分析不确定度来源的基础上,定值结果为0.494 mg/L,不确定度小于3%。与美国同类标准物质进行比对分析,结果具有可比性。可用于氨测定的质量控制、分析方法评价以及实验室能力验证等方面。     

Volatile organic compound concentrations, emission rates, and source apportionment in newly-built apartments at pre-occupancy stage

The present study investigated the indoor concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde and their indoor emission characteristics in newly-built apartments at the pre-occupancy stage. In total, 107 apartments were surveyed for indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations in two metropolitan cities and one rural area in Korea. A mass balanced model was used to estimate surface area-specific emission rates of individual VOCs and formaldehyde. Seven (benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, n-hexane, and n-heptane) of 40 target compounds were detectable in all indoor air samples, whereas the first five were detected in all outdoor air samples. Formaldehyde was also predominant in the indoor air samples, with a high detection frequency of 96%. The indoor concentrations were significantly higher than the outdoor concentrations for aromatics, alcohols, terpenes, and ketones. However, six halogenated VOCs exhibited similar concentrations for indoor and outdoor air samples, suggesting that they are not major components emitted from building materials. It was also suggested that a certain portion of the apartments surveyed were constructed by not following the Korean Ministry of Environment guidelines for formaldehyde emissions. Toluene exhibited the highest emission rate with a median value of 138 μg m⁻² h⁻¹. The target compounds with median emission rates greater than 20 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ were toluene, 1-propanol, formaldehyde, and 2-butanone. The wood panels/vinyl floor coverings were the largest indoor pollutant source, followed by floorings, wall coverings, adhesives, and paints. The wood panels/vinyl floor coverings contributed nearly three times more to indoor VOC concentrations than paints.