军工材料环境适应性标杆数据应用探讨

目的提升军工材料环境适应性预评估准确性和环境适应性基础数据资源的应用水平。方法按照四同原则"同类型材料、同种试验环境、同种试验方式、相同性能"梳理研究重庆市环境腐蚀与防护工程技术研究中心30余年积累的橡胶、塑料、合金钢等军工材料的环境适应性数据。结果提出了军工材料环境适应性标杆数据的概念,简述了环境适应性标杆数据的主要作用,初步构建了环境适应性标杆数据体系框架,提出了环境适应性标杆数据的2种应用方法,并剖析了2种方法的优缺点,最后列举了环境适应性标杆数据的应用步骤,并以军工高分子材料环境适应性评估为例进行了说明。结论军工材料环境适应性标杆数据体系评估同类型军工材料环境适应性水平具有较高的准确度。     

Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield

The mining industry can be considered the backbone of the Indian economy as well as facilitating the power that drives most of the other industries in the company. The overburden and waste rocks produced during coal mining are major concerns in regard to the amount of land that is required for their disposal, as well as the stability of dumps for these materials, which are of increasing height. Land reclamation issues are also a concern. In this work the adverse impacts caused by the dumping of overburden on land and acidic mine water on water bodies is discussed. Remote sensing tools were used along with the laboratory experimentation to assess the various impacts. This study also shows that silt released from waste dumps, can affected the angle of repose of the overburden dump slope. The angle of repose of the overburden materials varies with particle size composition. Thus, use of in‐pit crushers in large opencast mining operations can effectively reduce the area locked under the waste dumps. The acid neutralization potential of fly ash and overburden for the treatment of acid water was tested in the laboratory by using fly ash and waste rock materials on acidic coalfield water. The results are encouraging, and fly ash may prove to be a good acid neutralizer when used in conjunction of coal overburden material.     

Radon remediation of a two-storey UK dwelling by active sub-slab depressurisation: effects and health implications of radon concentration distributions

Radon concentration levels in a two-storey detached single-family dwelling in Northamptonshire, UK, were monitored continuously throughout a 5-week period during which active sub-slab depressurisation remediation measures were installed. Remediation of the property was accomplished successfully, with both the mean radon levels and the diurnal variability greatly reduced both upstairs and downstairs. Following remediation, upstairs and downstairs radon concentrations were 33% and 18% of their pre-remediation values respectively: the mean downstairs radon concentration was lower than that upstairs, with pre- and post-remediation values of the upstairs/downstairs concentration ratio, R(U/D), of 0.81 and 1.51 respectively. Cross-correlation between upstairs and downstairs radon concentration time-series indicates a time-lag of the order of 1 h or less, suggesting that diffusion of soil-derived radon from downstairs to upstairs either occurs within that time frame or forms a relatively insignificant contribution to the upstairs radon level. Cross-correlation between radon concentration time-series and the corresponding time-series for local atmospheric parameters demonstrated correlation between radon concentrations and internal/external pressure difference prior to remediation; this correlation disappears following remediation. Overall, these observations provide further evidence that radon concentration levels within a dwelling are not necessarily wholly determined by the effects of soil-gas advection, and further support the suggestion that, depending on the precise content of the building materials, upstairs radon levels, in particular, may be dominated by radon exhalation from the walls of the dwelling, especially in areas of low soil-gas radon.     

含铬废水吸附材料改性技术探讨

吸附法在含铬废水处理方面占据重要地位,其关键在于吸附材料的性能。天然吸附材料种类繁多,但大多数材料吸附能力弱、容量小、速度慢,需要进行改性处理。为了增加对改性技术的认识,对铬吸附材料的改性技术进行了系统分析和比较,明确了热改性、无机改性、有机改性和负载改性技术的研究进展与应用状况。     

电-Fenton法处理水体中有机污染物的研究现状与进展

电-Fenton法是一项新兴的废水处理技术,在水处理中的应用受到了越来越多的关注。综述了电-Fenton法的基本原理、基本类型、基本特点,以及对水体中的农药、染料、PPCPs、工业污染物等难降解有机污染物的去除应用的现状,同时也指出了该法的一些优点和目前的不足,提出电-Fenton法今后的发展趋势。     

超高温烟气过滤除尘的研究进展

指出了过滤除尘在超高温除尘方面的优势。总结了近期在超高温烟气过滤过程中的过滤机理研究进展,列举了从300～900℃温度范围内应用的各种滤材,描述了各类滤材的优缺点。     

环境监测实验室标准物质的使用和管理中应关注的几个问题

从实验室认可和计量认证的需求出发,按照《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》（简称《准则》）要求,对环境监测实验室如何正确使用和规范管理标准物质,保证监测数据的准确性、溯源性进行探讨。     

水下导弹发射装置结构材料应用研究

介绍了英国朴次茅斯大学对水下导弹发射装置的外形设计与材料应用研究。通过对材料的具体分析,结果表明,该水下发射装置较之目前正在采用的常规水面导弹发射装置更不易为敌方所侦测,即使通过声纳装置也难以侦测到。     

Small-scale fire performance assessment of intumescent coatings on metal tubes containing ammonium nitrate. A stepping-stone towards their application as a fire safety measure on road transportation tanks?

Ammonium nitrate is used in vast amounts globally, first and foremost as a component of fertilizers and explosive formulations. This usage necessitates its transportation which, as for most hazardous materials, involves certain risks. For oxidizing materials such as ammonium nitrate, the ultimate consequence of road transportation incidents is usually considered to be fire followed by explosion. Even though the probability in general is low, substantial reduction in its risk is a great gain for public safety. Thus, identifying novel and improving current safety measures for risk reduction, is an important aspect in the field of hazardous materials. Herein, a series of experiments are reported, which demonstrate the fire protection performance of two state-of-the-art intumescent passive fire protection materials on small-scale metal test tubes containing ammonium nitrate. Albeit being initial experiments on laboratory-scale, these results provide a promising starting point for further investigations on the potential of these materials for the fire protection of ammonium nitrate when carried in metal tanks. At its best, a prominent protection of ammonium nitrate from heat exposure was observed, as the temperature was kept well below its boiling point for more than 2.5 h. Successively, it resulted in a complete recovery of the sample material. This was in large contrast to the observed results for the unprotected test tubes, which led to complete decomposition of the sample after 11 min.     

Characterization of municipal solid waste temporary storage sites: Risks posed to surrounding areas as a consequence of fire incidents

In this study temporary storage sites of municipal solid waste were characterized based on their potential social, health and environmental impacts as a consequence of spontaneous fires, by employing Boolean as well as weighted-linear-combination approaches in connection with various fuzzy set functions of population density around the storage sites. Sweden was used as the case study and data from 105 storage sites were analysed; of these, 38 were identified to be posing high risk for downwind residing population. Furthermore, during the past 10 years, the fire frequency and the average population residing within a radius of 1, 2, and 3 km were found to be comparatively higher for storage sites owned by private companies than for those owned by municipalities. The study provided first-cut information of poorly sited temporary storage sites and can help in formalizing the comprehensive risk analysis in the future.