浅谈建筑材料利用与环境保护

建筑材料在取材、生产加工、运输、使用和废弃的过程中,排放出大量废水、废气和废渣,对人类的健康造成威胁,产生有害物质,导致大气、水体和土壤污染.因此要开发与生产资源节约型和环保型建筑材料,制定健全的建材环保法规来保护环境.     

基于事故分级的有害物品运输路径风险度量模型研究

有害物品运输的路径问题实质上是对有害物品相关的风险考量,对风险如何进行测量,直接影响路径选择的结果。在有关有害物品运输文献中,已经提出了多种风险测量模型,最广泛使用的风险定义是路径中节点间发生事故后果的期望值,它等于事故发生的可能性与其可量化的结果的乘积。所提出的风险度量模型均没有考虑到事故分级对路径风险评价结果的影响。为此,提出将事故分级引入风险度量模型,并对原有模型进行相应改进,可以有效地克服原有模型的计量误差,减少路径运输风险。     

Market imperfections in recycling markets: conceptual issues and empirical study of price volatility in plastics

The effectiveness of recycling depends upon efficient functioning of secondary material markets. This paper focus on the role that price volatility can play in slowing investment and market development. However, a statistical analysis of the relative volatility of secondary and primary material prices does not confirm the widely-held belief that relative price volatility is higher in secondary than in primary materials, at least at national levels.An econometric estimation of the determinants of plastic recovery volumes in Seattle contributes to the literature in four ways: the use of monthly (as opposed to annual) data; the use of local (as opposed to national) data; the use of an explanatory variable to reflect price volatility; and, the focus on plastics, which have not been examined previously. Some tentative conclusions can be made: the results generally support the principal hypothesis that price volatility has a negative effect on recovery of secondary materials; in addition, and consistent with previous studies, price elasticities are low and insignificant; and finally, policy factors are clearly important. The concluding section treats the economic and policy implications of market inefficiency in secondary material markets.     

Chemistry,Mineralogy and Morphology of Spodosols at Two Swedish Sites Used to Assess Methods of Counteracting Acidification

The chemistry, mineralogy and morphology of two soil profiles developed on till material of granitic and gneissic composition in south-western Sweden were studied in relation to podzolization processes. These soils were used for treatments with lime and wood ash. The profiles do not show characteristic Podzol morphology but qualify as Spodosols under Soil Taxonomy criteria and are probably typical for the coniferous forest soils of south-western Sweden. Podzolization features are clear but less well expressed than in classic Podzols. The distribution of major elements shows podzolization features with accumulation of sesquioxides in the B horizons and depletion in the eluvial horizons. Quartz and feldspars dominate the bulk soils reflecting the clear relationship between the composition of the soil and the underlying bedrock. Low amounts of clay contain an interlayered vermiculitic phase as the main phyllosilicate in which the degree of interlayering, known to be pH dependent, varies with depth and is at a maximum in the Bhs horizon. In the B horizons there are small but significant amounts of imogolite-type material which affect the adsorption of sulphate.     

Biodegradable Complex Polymers from Casein and Potato Starch

Potato starch was blended with defatted milk in proportions providing a 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1,:2, 1:3, and 1:4 starch/casein ratio. Precipitation was achieved by addition of either hydrochloric acid or leaven. Composition of precipitated products was determined based on elemental analysis for nitrogen. Generally, differences between attempted and achieved casein-to-starch proportions did not exceed 10%. Products coprecipitated with hydrochloric acid were slightly richer in casein than products obtained with leaven. Aqueous solubility, water binding capacity, IR spectra, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry, TG, and differential thermogravimetry, DTG) were recorded for the precipitates. Analyses revealed that the precipitates were not simple physical mixtures of the components. Partial insolubility in 7 M aqueous urea showed that casein and potato starch are chemically bound. Comparison of the spectra and thermograms suggested that complexes of the 1:1 composition were formed constituting a nucleus of the aggregates carrying excessive amounts of either starch or casein.     

塑料排水技术及其在环境岩土工程中的应用

介绍了常用塑料排水材料及其技术要求和性能;阐述了目前国内塑料排水技术在环境岩土工程中的应用状况,并就应用塑料排水技术解决岩土工程中的安全、生态和环境保护等问题提出了思路。笔者认为在岩土工程建设中,根据工程场地的地理、地质和生态环境条件,合理采用塑料排水材料,充分应用塑料排水技术,可以有效地保证工程设施的安全,实现环境岩土工程系统的相互促进和协调发展。文中同时介绍了塑料排水带真空和堆载预压地基固结渗透量的计算方法,可供参考。     

卷烟行业可降解包装材料发展趋势

可降解包装材料的研究和使用在快速发展，卷烟包装材料的发展也在朝着可降解的方向探索。通过总结国内外卷烟可降解包装材料的研究现状和现有可降解包装材料的特点，讨论了今后开发研究卷烟可降解包装材料的重点和方向。     

中国环境与生物标准参考物质中甲基汞的测定

应用了多种分离技术分离有机汞，以气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定甲基汞和乙基汞，测定了一些已经定值总汞的中国环境与生物标准参考物质及一些别国制备的标准测参考物质。采用不同分离技术，所得结果基本一致，也存在些差异。实验室之间的测定结果也很接近。建议上述物质可作为测定甲基汞和乙基汞的标准参考物质。     

贵州岩溶地区筑路石材性能与沉积环境关系初探

碳酸盐岩是岩溶地区修建公路的主要砂石材料来源,贵州岩溶地区碳酸盐岩资源丰富,如何合理利用该项资源,是公路建设中急需解决的问题之一。根据贵州岩溶地区碳酸盐岩分布特点及其生成环境,结合筑路石材性能指标,旨在探讨筑路石材性能与其相应沉积环境之间的关系,以为经济合理地开发利用筑路集料起指导作用。     

可压缩材料挤压过程有限元模拟

利用QFORM通用有限元软件对可压缩材料挤压过程进行了数值模拟 ,研究了初始相对密度对等效应变和挤压力、挤压比对致密速度和挤压力的影响 ,同时 ,通过对平面应变和轴对称各种挤压工况进行模拟分析 ,给出了两种状态单位挤压力间的关系