Environmental protection by utilization of the slag from magnesium production in building materials

This paper presents the results of research on the utilization of slag produced as the waste material of metallic magnesium production. This material is a fine powder with a high magnesium content. The characterization of slag was performed by XRD, DTA and TG analysis. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of slag were also determined. By using a mixture this slag and limestone aggregate, it is possible to obtain dry mortar which, mixed with water, gives a material fully satisfying for plastering mortar. By adding inorganic pigments (Fe₂O₃, Ca₂O3, etc.) decorative mortars are obtained, and when they are spread over the foundation made of brick or concrete, they retain their colour on the entire coating and surface of the mortar.     

不同相对分子质量PBS基共聚物的降解产物对土壤微生物的影响研究

以陕西花园土为供试土样,采用室内模拟实验,在土壤中加入一定量的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）,研究不同数均相对分子质量的PBS（Mn分别为3.46×103、8.13×103、1.60×104、3.50×104）对土壤呼吸强度,微生物（细菌（bacteria）、真菌（fungi）、放线菌（actinomycetes））数量的影响,以此来探讨PBS降解产物对土壤微生物生理特性的影响。研究结果表明：①相对分子质量为3.46×103和8.13×103的PBS在其质量分数较低时有利于土壤呼吸强度的增加,有利于细菌的生长,最大增长幅度达到40%,在其质量分数较高时有利于真菌生长,最大增长幅度达到500%。②相对分子质量为1.60×104和3.00×104的PBS随着PBS质量分数的升高,对土壤呼吸强度和微生物数量的促进作用相应增加,对土壤呼吸强度的提高幅度最大达11.6%,对真菌的提高幅度达178%。     

不同植物废物对垃圾堆肥过程VSCs释放的影响

选取黄豆杆、红薯藤、菠萝蜜果核和紫檀树叶4种植物废物,分别与生活垃圾混合进行堆肥处理,考察堆肥过程中甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲基二硫醚3种含硫类可挥发性有机物(VSCs)释放量与植物废物性质之间的关系.结果表明,各工况下,3种VSCs释放均集中在堆肥初期(前6d),甲硫醇均为主要的恶臭贡献者.不同工况的3种VSCs释放浓度差异显著.其中,以红薯藤为堆肥配料的工况下3种VSCs累积释放浓度均最高,以黄豆杆和紫檀树叶分别为堆肥配料的工况相对较低,累积释放浓度仅为前者的16.0%~74.3%,并低于生活垃圾单独堆肥. VSCs释放水平与混合原料的易降解有机物含量呈正比,与其植物多酚的含量呈反比.     

Earthquake insurance pricing: a risk‐based approach

Flat earthquake premiums are ‘uniformly’ set for a variety of buildings in many countries, neglecting the fact that the risk of damage to buildings by earthquakes is based on a wide range of factors. How these factors influence the insurance premiums is worth being studied further. Proposed herein is a risk‐based approach to estimate the earthquake insurance rates of buildings. Examples of application of the approach to buildings located in Taipei city of Taiwan were examined. Then, the earthquake insurance rates for the buildings investigated were calculated and tabulated. To fulfil insurance rating, the buildings were classified into 15 model building types according to their construction materials and building height. Seismic design levels were also considered in insurance rating in response to the effect of seismic zone and construction years of buildings. This paper may be of interest to insurers, actuaries, and private and public sectors of insurance.     

纳米材料对心血管系统影响的研究进展(Research Progress of the Influences of Nanoscale Materials on the Cardiovascular System)

随着纳米材料生物安全性及纳米毒理学相关研究的深入,纳米尺度物质对心血管系统的潜在危害受到极大关注.论文综述了纳米尺度物质对心血管系统影响的流行病研究和实验研究的最新进展,探讨了纳米尺度物质对心血管系统影响的分子机制,提出了心血管系统是纳米尺度物质所致毒性效应的主要靶点之一的观点,在此基础上对纳米尺度物质对心血管系统影响研究的发展方向进行了展望.     

Accuracy and traceability concepts applied to environmental speciation analysis

Traceability issues are of increasing concern in all fields where chemical measurements form the basis for decisions. The concepts of accuracy and traceability as applied to environmental analysis are, however, still prone to misunderstandings, which has been recently illustrated by controversial discussions among the analytical community with respect to accuracy and traceability issues in the area of speciation analysis. Analytical techniques used for the determination of chemical species (speciation analysis) are generally based on a succession of steps (e.g. extraction derivatisation, separation, detection) which are all prone to various sources of systematic errors. Many speciation measurement techniques have been studied within the last decade through interlaboratory studies and certification of reference materials. These collaborative efforts have been understood as being directed towards strive for accuracy (trueness and precision). It has been recognised recently that the achievements actually enabled mostly to establish reference points (e.g. certified values in reference materials) which does not necessarily correspond to 'true values' but rather offer a mean for laboratories to compare their data internationally and, hence, achieve traceability. This ambiguity still generates confusion and misunderstandings among the scientific community. This communication discusses this issue, focusing on analytical measurements only. Extending discussions on general traceability issues would imply an examination of steps prior to laboratory work (sampling, storage, etc.) which is beyond the scope of this contribution.     

环境监测实验室标准物质的使用和管理中应关注的几个问题

从实验室认可和计量认证的需求出发,按照《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》（简称《准则》）要求,对环境监测实验室如何正确使用和规范管理标准物质,保证监测数据的准确性、溯源性进行探讨。     

水下导弹发射装置结构材料应用研究

介绍了英国朴次茅斯大学对水下导弹发射装置的外形设计与材料应用研究。通过对材料的具体分析,结果表明,该水下发射装置较之目前正在采用的常规水面导弹发射装置更不易为敌方所侦测,即使通过声纳装置也难以侦测到。     

室内空气污染净化技术的现状与发展趋势

通过对影响室内空气质量的化学、物理和生物污染因素的了解,全面分析了目前主要的室内空气净化技术(吸附过滤技术、低温等离子体技术、臭氧技术和光催化技术)在实际应用中的优缺点,重点评述了光催化技术的原理和利用光催化技术在室内空气净化中取得的最新科研成果(如抗菌防霉内墙材料、防污自洁材料、自动无毒化材料),说明光催化技术是一种有待不断发展和完善,具有广阔前景的新技术,并且已经成为室内空气污染净化技术发展趋势。     

铁氧化物陶瓷颗粒除氟效果及吸附特性研究

为了寻找一种新型的吸附材料处理含氟废水,研究采用了七水硫酸亚铁和三氧化二铁两种不同的铁氧化物陶瓷颗粒对含氟废水进行处理,实验对陶瓷颗粒的结构进行了电镜扫描(SEM)和比表面积(BET)的表征,探讨了陶瓷颗粒在吸附中的物理特征;在批实验中,探讨了陶瓷颗粒在吸附过程中不同pH、吸附剂量条件下的吸附表现,并对吸附等温线、动力...