土地利用线性规划结果的影子价格计算与敏感性分析

在土地利用规划中,对线性规划结果进行影子价格计算可以确定其结果在最优状况时,放宽某个约束条件(a_ijx_i=b_i)对目标函数（S）产生的附加贡献值。而敏感性分析解决了在线性规划仍保持最优解情况下,所允许的因市场条件和生产过程的改变导致的资源限制且（b_i）和利益系数（c_i）的可行变化范围。通过以上计算和分析,使静态的线性规划模型向动态模型方向迈进了一步。为其在一定空间和时间上推广应用开拓了余地。     

Sensitivity of soils to acid rain in South China

This paper deals with the sensitivity of soils to acid rain in 5 provinces, South China. Based on field work and literature, and taking soil pH, CEC, and the types of residua into account, the authors classified the sensitivity into 4 categories: highly sensitive, sensitive, slightly sensitive, and non-sensitive. By overlapping the maps of soil pH, CEC, and types of residua, the map of soil sensitivity in South China has finally resulted.The authors try to summarize the regularity of soil sensitivity to acid rain in this area. The sensitivity of different soil types in the studied area has also discussed.The seriousness and its prospects of acid rain in this area have been pointed out in order to draw the attention of relevant authorities.     

起始缓冲容量作为评价土壤对酸雨的敏感性参数

酸雨诱发的土壤酸化首先是外部H~+对土壤溶液的作用,而土壤酸化过程取决于土壤溶液对H~+的缓冲能力。本文从土壤悬液的酸碱滴定曲线实验出发,提出了土壤对H~+的起始缓冲容量(β)的概念,以作为评价土壤对酸雨的敏感性参数。对我国东南部几种土壤的实验研究表明,参数基本上符合实际情况。     

江苏省主要水稻品种对甲磺隆的敏感性研究

在用土培方法探索水稻土培生物测定条件的基础上，研究了甲磺隆残留对水稻秧苗根系生长的影响。结果表明，采用高沙土，添加法加入甲磺隆，培养时调节土壤含水量３５％左右，恒温培养６ｄ，将获得满意的甲磺隆残留土培生物测定结果；用此方法测得的江苏主要水稻品种对甲磺隆残留的敏感程度呈现：常规粳稻＞糯稻、杂交粳稻＞常规籼稻＞杂交籼稻之趋势；土壤中甲磺隆残留量达０５μｇ／ｋｇ对江苏大多数水稻品种秧苗根系生长有着强烈的抑制作用。     

Dynamics of Hybridization and Introgression in Red Wolves and Coyotes

Abstract:  Hybridization and introgression are significant causes of endangerment in many taxa and are considered the greatest biological threats to the reintroduced population of red wolves ( Canis rufus ) in North Carolina (U.S.A.). Little is known, however, about these processes in red wolves and coyotes ( C. latrans ). We used individual-based simulations to examine the process of hybridization and introgression between these species. Under the range of circumstances we considered, red wolves in colonizing and established populations were quickly extirpated, persisted near the carrying capacity, or had intermediate outcomes. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the probabilities of quasi extinction and persistence of red wolves near the carrying capacity were most affected by the strength of two reproductive barriers: red wolf challenges and assortative mating between red wolves and coyotes. Because model parameters for these barriers may be difficult to estimate, we also sought to identify other predictors of red wolf population fate. The proportion of pure red wolves in the population was a strong predictor of the future probabilities of red wolf quasi extinction and persistence. Finally, we examined whether sterilization can be effective in minimizing introgression while allowing the reintroduced red wolf population to grow. Our results suggest sterilization can be an effective short-term strategy to reduce the likelihood of extirpation in colonizing populations of red wolves. Whether red wolf numbers are increased by sterilization depends on the level of sterilization effort and the acting reproductive barriers. Our results provide an outline of the conditions likely required for successful reestablishment and long-term maintenance of populations of wild red wolves in the presence of coyotes. Our modeling approach may prove generally useful in providing insight into situations involving complex species interactions when data are few.     

Simulating global soil-CO2 flux and its response to climate change

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧｌｏｂａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｅｍｏｄｅｌｓｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｗａｒｍｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｔ ｔｏｏ ｄｉｓｔａｎｔｆｕｔｕｒｅ (Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎ ,1990 ) .Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｒｇｕｅｄｔｈａｔｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｇｌｏｂａｌｗａｒｍｉｎｇｗｉｌｌｂｅｔｏａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｔｈｅｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｉｌｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｔｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｂｙｒｅｌｅ…     

有机污染物对流动电流检测灵敏度的影响研究

进行了将流动电流混凝投药自动控制系统应用于 4种受污染水源水的试验 ,研究了该系统检测灵敏度受污染物的影响情况。试验结果表明污染物的存在使流动电流的检测灵敏度降低 ,污染物的组成成分和浓度等都是影响灵敏度的主要因素 ,但是流动电流与投药量的相关性仍然存在。在CODMn不超过 10mg L或油类物质浓度 <2～ 10mg L ,时 ,污染物的影响程度较小 ,将流动电流混凝投药控制技术应用于此条件下的受污染水源水是可能的。     

1-硝基芘和多环芳烃联合致突变性的研究

测定了１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和其它（硝基一）多环芳烃对Ａ试验的６个菌株（ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００，ＹＧ１０２１，ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９）的单一和联合致突变性，１，６－二硝基芘（１．６ＤＮＰ）、１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和２－硝基坊（２－ＮＦ）所单一致突变性都为ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２１，ＴＡ９８，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９，ＴＡ１００，地２－ＮＦ的敏感性稍有差别，联合致突变性实验结果表明     

Effects of elevated CO2 on sensitivity of six species of algae and interspecific competition of three species of algae

Effects of elevated CO, （5000 μl/L） on sensitivity comparison of six species of algae and interspecific competition of three species of algae were investigated. The results showed that, the cell densities of six species of algae grown in elevated CO2 significantly increased compared to those in ambient CO2 （360 μl/L）, and with the time prolonged, the increasing extent increased. Therefore, elevated CO2 can promote the growth of six species of algae. However, there were differences in sensitivity between six species of algae. Based on the effects of elevated CO2 on biomass, the sensitive order （from high to low） was Platymanas sp., Platymanas subcordiformis, Nitzschia closterium, Isochrysis golbana Parke 8701, Dunoliella salina, Chlorella sp., on the condition of solitary cultivation. Compared to ambient CO2, elevated CO2 promoted the growth of three species of algae, Platymanas subcordiformis, Nitzschia closterium and Isochrysis galbana Parke 8701 under the condition of mixed cultivation. The sensitivity of the three species to elevated CO2 in mixed cultivation changed a lot compared to the condition of solitary cultivation. When grown in elevated CO2 under the condition of mixed cultivation, the sensitive order from high to low were Nitzschia clostertium, Platymonas subcordiformis; and Isochrysis galbana Parke 8701. However, under the condition of solitary cultivation, the sensitive order in elevated CO2 was Isochrysis galbana Parke 8701, Nitzschia clostertium, Platymonas subcordiformis, from sensitive to less sensitive. On the day 21, the dominant algae, the sub-dominant algae and inferior algae grown in elevated CO2 did not change. However, the population increasing dynamic and composition proportion of three algal species have significantly changed.