磷灰石-零价铁对底泥铜、铅释放的抑制效果及机理研究

以磷灰石-零价铁作为添加物,强化混凝应急处置Cu、Pb污染河道水体,并模拟构建产生沉积物,通过静态释放实验方式,研究了其对沉积物中Cu、Pb释放的影响和机理.结果表明:磷灰石复合零价铁介入应急混凝处置显著减少了沉积物中Cu、Pb的释放;45 d释放实验后,与对照组相比,添加磷灰石复合零价铁的沉积物中,Cu和Pb从生物有效性高的酸可提取态向生物有效性相对较低的可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态转化.投加磷灰石复合零价铁有利于应急混凝处置重金属产生沉积物的稳定,且零价铁掺杂比例越高,效果越好.     

抚仙湖不同来源沉积物磷形态垂向分布特征

采用连续萃取法(SEDEX)对抚仙湖岸带代表不同污染来源的5个样点和湖心沉积物中磷形态的分布特征及垂向变化特征进行分析.结果表明,沉积物中无机磷(IP)是总磷(TP)的主要组成部分,占TP的70.46％ ±8.06％;磷形态以碎屑磷灰石(CAP)和闭蓄态磷(Org-P)为主,分别占TP的41.65％±17.04％和29.53％±8.06％,而可交换态磷(Ex-P)含量最低,仅占TP的2.42％±1.45％.不同点位TP含量和各形态磷分布特征不同,以磷矿开采污染为主的东大河口沉积物总磷含量及各形态磷含量远高于其它污染来源的沉积物,其中CAP含量达(131.46±84.78)μmol·g-1.沉积物磷形态垂向特征表征了流域人类活动对抚仙湖的污染历程.东大河口沉积物各形态磷含量随深度变化剧烈,尤其是CAP在8～14 cm随深度增加突然增大后又急剧降低,且均在11 cm处达最大值,这与抚仙湖流域磷矿开采兴起到矿点关闭的历史相吻合.湖心沉积物磷形态分布特征显示了湖岸各种污染来源“汇”的特点.     

Potential environmental impact of dissolution of raw phosphate in sea water of the Gulf of Aqaba

Dissolution of raw phosphate (apatite) in sea water of the Gulf of Aqaba was investigated through lab incubation experiments. Three types from three different sources (Al-Hasa, Al-Abyad and Esh-Shydiya) have been used for these experiments. Impact of quantity, grain size, and source (type) of raw phosphate on dissolution rate were studied. Statistical analysis shows significant differences between the results obtained from comparing each two weights; as weight of apatite increased, dissolved inorganic phosphate-phosphorus (DIP) and fluoride in sea water solution increased. The differences between the dissolution rates of raw phosphate from the three sites were not significant while the differences between the different grain size fractions were significant. Dissolution rates were inversely related to particle size. Using a worst-case scenario, a conservative estimate of the maximum increase in DIP in seawater of the Gulf of Aqaba due to the apatite particles lost to the sea during ship loading resulted in DIP concentrations of 0.03 μM per year. As the residence time of the water in the Gulf of Aqaba is about one year, the DIP concentration will not increase by more than 0.03 μM under the estimated annual quantity of exported phosphate. Fluoride will not increase by more than 0.03 mg/l under the same conditions.