乙酰甲胺磷和汞单一及复合污染对黄瓜发芽及幼苗生长的影响

有机磷农药和重金属是目前我国土壤中较常见的污染物。本文以黄瓜种子为供试作物,研究了重金属汞与农药乙酰甲胺磷单一污染及复合污染对其发芽率以及幼苗生长的毒害效应。结果表明,Hg2+与乙酰甲胺磷单一污染及复合污染对黄瓜种子的发芽率、芽长和根伸长的生态毒性敏感程度依次为:根伸长>芽长>发芽率,Hg2+与乙酰甲胺磷单一污染及复合污染对黄瓜幼苗的毒害效应均较明显。复合污染对黄瓜种子发芽指标和幼苗生长的抑制效应表现为协同作用,其结果是复合污染的整体生态毒性效应增强。研究结果为进一步研究农药和重金属复合污染的生态毒性提供基础资料。     

几种水陆交错带植物对底质氮磷释放的抑制作用

选取太湖贡湖湾水陆交错带内的黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗、李氏禾、黄花水龙及香菇草这5种植物,长江下游常见沙壤土、水陆交错带新生底质两种土壤,模拟扰动条件下5种水生植物对底质氮磷释放的抑制.结果表明,植物对底质总磷释放具有显著的抑制作用,双穗雀稗、香菇草、黄菖蒲可以将上覆水总磷浓度控制在0.02 mg·L~(-1),李氏禾、黄花水龙控制在0.03mg·L~(-1);李氏禾、黄花水龙试验组总磷释放率控制在0.1 d-1,双穗雀稗、香菇草、黄菖蒲试验组控制在0.05 d-1.植物生长增加了底质氮的赋存,带来底质氮释放的增加,而黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗则可以将底质总氮释放速率控制在0.02 d-1,上覆水总氮浓度控制在0.4 mg·L~(-1).植物须根根长密度、根重密度、根表面积密度成为抑制底质氮磷释放的主要因素,须根穿插增加底质中粒径≤50μm的颗粒物,从而减少了水体扰动造成的底质上扬;同时须根在生长过程增加底质总氮含量,吸收底质中的磷.5种水陆交错带植物正是通过上述两种机制抑制底质中氮磷的释放,其中黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗因为其发达的根系,抑制氮磷物质释放的效果最佳,其次为李氏禾、香菇草,黄花水龙对底质氮磷释放的抑制作用在5种植物中最小.     

壳聚糖对小麦发芽及生根效应的研究

利用壳聚糖浸泡小麦种子,通过考察小麦的出芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、生根数量和根的长度等各项指标的变化,探讨壳聚糖对小麦发芽和生根生理效应的影响.结果表明,当pH值6.5、壳聚糖浓度为4-6mg/mL时能显著提高小麦种子活力,促进幼苗生长;当壳聚糖浓度低于8mg/mL时,小麦的出芽率、发芽指数、活力指数随壳聚糖处理浓度的增大而明显提高;当壳聚糖浓度为4mg/mL、浸泡时间为10h时,小麦种子生根效应最为明显.     

我国中亚热带人工林水热通量对干旱差异响应的模拟研究

季节性干旱现象在我国中亚热带地区时有发生,为了研究该区域大气-生态系统之间的相互作用关系及其碳水收支状况,2002年起在江西省千烟洲(26.7°N,115.1°E)人工林生态系统建立了通量观测塔。2003年7月该人工林生态系统遭遇了历史上少有的高温少雨天气,本研究应用基于生理生态学过程的EALCO(Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observation)模型及2003和2004年通量观测数据对该生态系统的水热通量进行了模拟,同时分析了干旱胁迫对它们产生的影响。结果显示,模型能够很好的模拟该生态系统的能量通量的日变化,净辐射、显热和潜热通量模拟值与实测值相关系数的平方(R2)及标准差分别为0.99和8.05 W.m-2;0.81和41.02 W.m-2;0.90和31.49 W.m-2,模型可以解释87%的日蒸散量的变化。从模拟结果看,2003年7月下旬(发生较严重干旱胁迫)较2004年同期(干旱程度轻)相比,冠层及土壤水势下降约2倍,植物蒸腾的日变化形式改变,根系吸水滞后冠层蒸腾的时间缩短约半小时,冠层导度下降40%～60%。模拟与观测结果均表明,200...     

根茬连续还田对镉污染农田土壤中镉赋存形态和生物有效性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究不同镉污染土壤上分别连作3茬玉米和菜豆,根茬连续还田后对后茬作物生长、镉吸收及土壤中镉赋存形态的影响.结果表明,两种镉污染土壤上分别连作3茬菜豆和玉米,根茬累计还田量占土壤质量的0.4%～1.1%,通过根茬累计还田的镉占土壤全镉的1.3%～3.5%.玉米和菜豆根茬连续还田对后茬大白菜和冬小麦生长均无显著影响,但在镉污染土壤上根茬连续还田后显著增加了后茬大白菜地上部镉含量.根茬连续还田对后茬小麦吸收镉无影响.根茬连续还田增加了土壤轻组有机质含量和模拟镉污染土壤中轻组有机质中镉占土壤全镉的比例.镉污染土壤连续还田玉米根茬后土壤碳酸盐结合态镉含量显著降低,在模拟镉污染土壤上菜豆根茬连续还田显著降低了土壤交换态镉含量,根茬连续还田增加了土壤中氧化物结合态镉含量.     

Fetal aortic root dilation: a prenatal feature of the Loeys-Dietz syndrome

Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with cardinal manifestations in cardiovascular, craniofacial and skeletal systems. Although the disease has some phenotypic overlap with Marfan syndrome, the disease, that is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor beta-receptor 1 (TGFBR1) or transforming growth factor beta-receptor 2 (TGFBR2) genes, presents many distinctive features and a particularly aggressive cardiovascular course. We describe prenatal identification of an aortic root aneurysm in a fetus of 19 week of gestation as an early marker of Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Specific Features of Root System Structure in Pinus sylvestrisL. and Larix sukaczewiiDyl. under Conditions of the Ufa Industrial Center

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

Ecological wetland paradigm drives water source improvement in the stream network of Yangtze River Delta

Jiaxing created a precedent using bypass riparian marshes to purify micro-polluted water sources in China. Pond-wetland complex with constructed root channel technology becomes a paradigm which can be analogized as “human-body wetland model” based on bionics or biomimetics. Heterogeneous plant-bed/ditch system with highly active land/water ecotone interfaces, especially meandering boundaries, breeds many biochemical reactions “living areas”. Optimization of hydraulic regulation promotes redox environment alternations and wetland treatment efficiency. Here we reported a series of upgrades and performances in Guanjinggang wetland after the Shijiuyang prototype. Morphological reform of plant-bed/ditch system played a vital role. Spatially root channel zone was main force of wetland purification, and temporally the treatment effect was higher in low-temperature seasons indicating non-temperature dependent mechanisms worked. Water pollution comprehensive index improved steadily from IV to III, and comprehensive pollution load was reduced by ca. 40%–60%. Comprehensive evaluation function value further showed the gradients purification effect of the upgraded wetland. Ecological wetlands ameliorated source water quality, and reduced drinking water treatment reagents, thereby bringing about economic benefits. Through wetlands operation, people can see how the micro-polluted surface water becomes clear and clean, so promoting a significant social benefit. As a viable component of urban green space, wetlands could beautify regional eco-environment, freshen the air, increase urban ecological taste, and enhance the eco-environmental protection publicity. Thus, the multifunctional service values and indirect benefits are substantial. Jiaxing ecological wetlands provide a typical paradigm for water pollution remediation in developing countries and plays a leading role in technology engineering radiation effect.     

二氧化硫衍生物对背根神经元钙通道的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了SO₂衍生物对大鼠DRG(背根神经节)神经元不同亚型钙通道的影响. 结果表明,1 μmol/L SO₂衍生物对不同电压下的钙电流均有增大作用,在-10 mV时可使钙电流增幅达到63.4%±5.7%. 在细胞外液中加入不同亚型钙通道的阻滞剂并经过修正计算发现,1 μmol/L SO₂衍生物使L型钙电流增长了82.2%,N型钙电流增长了95.3%,r型(非L型、非N型)钙电流增长了9.4%,说明高阈值激活的N型和L型钙电流对SO₂衍生物特别敏感,推测SO₂衍生物诱发神经性疼痛,引起神经毒性,可能主要通过增大DRG神经元上N型和L型钙通道发生电流介导.      

Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter On the Bio-Availability and Toxicity of Metals in Soils and Aquatic Systems

Cations in soil are essential for the growth of plants and micro-organisms. Their availability is dependent on soil organic matter. Soil organic matter (SOM) is heterogeneous comprising amino, aliphatic and phenolic acids, but particularly humic substances. All these substances can complex cations selectively. Mechanisms of complexation with dissolved organic matter are discussed. Such complexation can lead to the apparently contradictory observations that dissolved organic matter (DOM) can either increase the concentration of some less soluble nutrients, making them more available for plant uptake, or make them less available and hence less toxic. the importance of DOM is discussed in relation to soil solution, particularly the rhizosphere, and also in relation to aquatic systems. the latter systems contain mainly dissolved humic substances whereas in the soil, non-humic substances assume a greater importance.

SOM in the rhizosphere is derived from plant, microbial and animal remains but much, especially the water-soluble compounds, are acquired through root exudation. Exudation has important consequences for enhanced nutrient availability as a result of the production of non-humic substances such as amino, aliphatic and phenolic acids. in future, the role of root exudation in relation to DOM and nutrient availability should be investigated more fully, particularly as predicted elevated CO₂ levels are likely to have a major impact on root exudation, nutrient availability, and possibly ecosystem community structure and functioning. It is likely that more information will become available on aquatic systems as more highly sensitive techniques and equipment capable of dealing with low concentrations of DOM in these systems become available.