辽宁省区域经济差异与区域协调发展的初步研究

本文利用辽宁省近年来的统计数据．通过对标准差、变异系数、离差、比率、相对发展速度等参数的计算。分析了辽宁省内各地区间的区域经济差异的总体特征和空间特征。并总结了产生区域差异的三个主要因素。即自然地理环境的差异(客观因素)、区域战略重点的转移(政策因素)以及各地区经济结构的差异。在此基础上．为辽宁省区域协调发展提出了对策与建议。     

Effect of sulphadimethoxine contamination on barley (Hordeum distichum L., Poaceae, Liliposida)

Animal wastes from intensive farming are generally collected for field fertilisation. They may contain drugs that can become soil pollutants. To evaluate the possible effects of such contamination in terrestrial systems, sulphadimethoxine has been subjected to laboratory tests (in vitro, synthetic medium, and soil) using seeds of barley (Hordeum distichum L.). The drug suppressed normal post-germinative development and growth of roots and leaves in both test conditions; this effect was dependent on the bioaccumulation rate, which was higher on synthetic medium than in soil. Bioaccumulation was higher in roots than foliage and this was markedly evident in soil and, in particular, in soils with a low humus content. The environmental risk of sludge application on soils and the possible contamination of food chains are discussed.     

涪江上游滑坡相关因素研究

采用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法，研究了涪江上游骨滑坡的主要形成条件及触发因素。结果显示，相对主同差是滑坡的主要形成条件，地震是滑坡的主要触发因素，此外，还对滑坡相关因素进行了相关显著性比较，评价了每项相关因素的其中所起的作用，最后讨论了灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法在滑坡研究中的利弊。     

论人口——经济系统的综合研究

研究人口——经济系统,首先从人口系统着手,并分别对各子系统进行分析和综合。对人口系统的研究着重于控制数量、强调人口素质,尤其是要求人口文化素质对科学技术转化生产力能够起到保证作用,其最终目的是促进社会经济的发展。     

The models of niche and their application

Having studied the definitions of niche proposed by different ecologists, I have proposed a quantitative method of niche which can be applied to plants. Accordingly, the niche of an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) has been described by a mapping from its environmental set to the unit interval [0, 1], which enables a model of niche to be mathematically operational. The concepts of fundamental niche, realized niche, time niche, etc., may be described by using mathematical models related to each other, and the geometrical relationships between them can be revealed by a multi-dimensional surface. The uni-factor models are built upon the condition that the other factors are optimal for OTU, which are particular cases of the multi-factor models. The establishment of the quantitative relationship between these two kinds of models makes it possible to find out the plants' fundamental niche by doing uni-factor experiments. This may simplify the experiments in which the parameters in a practically applied model are to be estimated. The niche index introduced in this paper is related to average level and aftereffect of plant responses to the effects of its environment (i.e. “inertia”), thus it should be the basis of the simulation of plant seed yield and of its environmental evaluation. Accordingly, models of niche index, of plant seed yield, of plant growth and of environmental evaluation have been built which can be applied to the environmental evaluation or the prediction and management of plant (crop) production, etc.As an example of application, the models of wheat yield and its environmental assessment have been established and practically tested. The results of testing the model of wheat yield showed that the relative errors are 8% and 7.2%, respectively, in 1984 and 1986. The results of the environmental assessment of wheat reveal the fact that the insufficiency of the soil moisture at the 2th and 3th stages is the main restriction of the production of the wheat in Dinxi, Gansu Province, China.     

"数字石羊河"建立及其在沙尘暴防治中的应用

由于上游超量用水,导致石羊河下游的民勤县绿洲无水可用,生态环境严重恶化,成为我国的第四大沙尘暴策源地.本文提出了建立"数字石羊河"的概念,认为石羊河流域要建立公平的用水机制,在技术上要建立"数字石羊河",最后对"数字石羊河"在沙尘暴防治中的应用作了分析.     

Incidence rates and risk factors for injury events in high school students in Lijin County, China

PROBLEM: Most investigations of injuries among Chinese populations are focused on urban or better developed areas, fewer on rural or poor areas. METHODS: From September 21 to 27, 2002, an epidemiological investigation of eight kinds of injury-related events was carried out among 1,944 students in 39 classes randomly sampled from middle schools in Lijin County, a rural area. The eight kinds of events were: (a) traffic accidents, (b) poisoning, (c) fall, (d) burn or scald, (e) blunt or sharp tools contact, (f) electrical contact, (g) animal or insect bites, and (h) non-fatal drowning. RESULTS: The total incidence rate of eight kinds of injuries in the previous year was 21.1%. The incidence rate among boys was 24.2%, while that among girls was 17.4%, which was significant (chi-square=13.4, P<0.05). The incidence rate among junior high school students was 23.1%, while that among senior high school students was 15.5%, which was also significant (chi-square=13.2, P<0.05). A case-control study of 410 students with at least one of eight kinds of injury events indicated that students' gender and their mothers' health status were related to their injuries. CONCLUSION: The injury incidence rate in a rural area was less than other results in urban or developed areas. Students' gender and mothers' health status were important factors associated with the occurrence of injury. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In order to improve the surroundings of the growing population of adolescents, some preventive measures should be put forward, especially to the high-risk students of injury.     

中美两国经济发展与铜消费量对比研究

发达国家的发展过程表明,经济增长与铜消费量密切相关。本文由IPAT方程推导了铜消费指标与GDP间的关系式,得出GDP的年增长率（g）的单位GDP铜消费量的年下降率（t）是影响铜消费量变化的两个重要参数。给出了中、美两国铜消费指标与GDP间的关系曲线;中国1960-2004年间单位GDP的铜消费量并未形成明显的上升或下降趋势;美国1941-2004年间单位GDP铜消费量的变化总体上逐年降低,1941年为17.80kg/10^4USD,2003年为2.56kg/10^4USD,单位GDP的铜消费量降低近7倍。对应不同的单位GDP铜消费量年下降率的假设,估计了未来25年内中国经济增长与铜消费指标间的关系以及单位GDP铜消费量降低的倍数。     

非煤矿山安全评价方法探讨

介绍了非煤矿山安全评价的内容和方法,分析了目前评价方法的不足和缺陷,提出了一种新型非煤矿山安全评价方法,并结合湖北某石膏矿山安全评价的实例,阐述了这种评价方法的应用过程,最后对这种方法提出改进建议。     

天然沸石的加工技术及其在水处理中的应用

论述了天然沸石的吸附、离子交换和催化性能,介绍了沸石的超细粉碎、选矿提纯、化学增白、改性或改型、人工合成和再生等加工技术．从去除有机污染物、去除氨氮、降低氟含量、去除重金属离子、作污水滤料、消除放射性物质等方面回顾了沸石在水处理中的应用．并对应用前景和未来发展进行了展望。