滤筒式除尘器的改进及在白云石生产中的应用

介绍了利用改进滤筒、增加导流装置等一系列技术措施,提高滤筒式除尘器性能,使之应用于轻烧白云石除尘系统。实践表明,设备运行稳定,效果良好。     

Retention and rainfastness of mancozeb as affected by physicochemical characteristics of adaxial apple leaf surface after enhanced UV-B radiation

It is not clear so far whether alteration of leaf micromorphology and surface wax chemistry due to the impact of environmental factors, such as UV-B radiation, affects retention and rainfastness of applied pesticide solutions. In this study; UV-B treated and untreated adaxial leaf surfaces of apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.) were characterized in terms of chemical composition, micromorphological fine structure, hydrophobicity, and wettability. Furthermore, the retention and rainfastness of applied fungicide mancozeb were studied. The samples were examined 0, 24 and 48 h after ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation (0.022 kW m^{? 2} for 150 min) The total wax mass, recovered from the adaxial leaf surface, amounted from 0.38 μ g cm^{? 2} (control) up to 0.49 μ g cm^{? 2} (24 h). Chemical composition of surface wax altered, whereas the contact angle of applied water droplets on leaf surface of UV-B treated plants did not change significantly compared to the control. The alteration of surface wax quantity and quality significantly affected retention of a.i.; it increased at a sampling time of 24 h after UV-B irradiation, whereas rainfastness of the fungicide spray solution was not significantly influenced.     

Bacillus thuringiensis field applications: Effect of nozzle type,drop size,and application timing on efficacy against gypsy moth

Abstract

In a series of recent studies, we evaluated the influence of delivery systems, drop size and application timing on the efficacy of aerially applied Bacillus thuringiensis against gypsy moth infestations. Use of different nozzle systems including Micronair, Flat Fan or Twin Jet, did not appear to result in significant differences in Bt coverage efficiency, foliage protection or population reduction. Nor was there any significant difference in population reduction when Bt was applied at two different drop sizes with volume median diameters of 110 and 163 μm. The efficacy of different formulations on larval populations were similar when used against the younger 1st and 2nd instar but differed when treatment was delayed until the population matured to the 3rd and 4th instar stages.     

Effect of day time climatic conditions associated with different 2,4-D formulations on spray deposition and weed control

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of the day and their associated climatic conditions on spray deposition of two 2,4-D formulations, as well as the influence on weed control. The experiment was installed in the field in complete randomized design. Treatments were arranged in factorial design 8?×?2, with 20 repetitions. First factor corresponded to different application time (1:00, 4:00, 7:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, and 22:00) with their respective climatic conditions. The second factor consisted of two formulations of 2,4-D applied at 776?g a.e. ha^?1 (2,4-D amine and 2,4-D choline salt with Colex-D? Technology) + glyphosate (816?g a.e. ha^?1). There was more spray deposition when 2,4-D choline formulation was used, and such differences were more evident for applications performed under adverse climatic conditions. More spray deposition was found in applications performed at times of day with more favorable temperature and humidity of the air conditions. Only the initial control of the evaluated species was affected by the time of application.     

综掘工作面气水联动除尘装置影响因素及应用效果分析

为掌握气水联动除尘装置影响因素及现场除尘效果,以便更好应用于现场实际。基于煤矿综掘工作面长压短抽通风控除尘系统,利用数值仿真和正交实验设计分析方法,系统研究除尘装置叶片参数、进风量和进风口位置等因素对除尘效果的影响规律。研究结果表明：叶片安装角为40°,扭转角为4°时,除尘器入口处负压值和进风量最大,而吸风口距工作面5 m、吸风量≥300 m³/min时的除尘效果较好。控除尘系统采用气水联动除尘装置后,各测点全尘除尘效率提高了40.8%～55.4%,呼吸性粉尘除尘效率提高了31.4%～41.3%,应用效果良好。     

实验室信息管理系统在环境监测站中的应用——以西安市环境监测站为例

根据环境监测站以往的业务特点和存在的问题,引入了基于监测站特色的实验室信息管理系统。笔者重点介绍了西安环境监测站实验室信息管理系统的工作流程和系统组块,反映出系统灵活、严谨的运行特点,以及全面的系统应用功能。此外,描述了本站LIMS快速、高效的运行状况、常见弊端和LIMS实施的局限性。为今后同行业监测站LIMS的建设、实施和应用提供范本和应用经验和建议,促进了环境监测行业的信息化、现代化管理。     

The Determinants of Plant Variety Protection Applications in China

China passed its Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) in 1997 which allowed us to do some initial testing of this proposition. We used a unique dataset on the applications of the new Plant Variety Protection (PVP), morphological characteristics, and institutional sources of all the important varieties of rice in three provinces of China to estimate the determinants of plant variety protection applications in China. The evidence suggests that both the government and private research programs are responding to economic and policy incentives and investing in plant variety protection as economists would expect profit maximizing firms to invest. The discussion of the evolution of the seed industry suggested that the combination of the new seed law in 2000 and the new plant variety protection regulation had changed the structure of the seed industry and provided an important incentive to invest in PVPs both by public research institutes and commercial firms. Finally, there is some preliminary evidence that private firms have smaller incentives to develop new varieties than to purchase the new varieties.     

Application of in-situ measurement to determine Cs in the Swiss Alps

Establishment of ¹³⁷Cs inventories is often used to gain information on soil stability. The latter is crucial in mountain systems, where ecosystem stability is tightly connected to soil stability. In-situ measurements of ¹³⁷Cs in steep alpine environments are scarce. Most studies have been carried out in arable lands and with Germanium (Ge) detectors. Sodium Iodide (NaI) detector system is an inexpensive and easy to handle field instrument, but its validity on steep alpine environments has not been tested yet. In this study, a comparison of laboratory measurements with GeLi detector and in-situ measurements with NaI detector of ¹³⁷Cs gamma soil radiation has been done in an alpine catchment with high ¹³⁷Cs concentration (Urseren Valley, Switzerland). The aim of this study was to calibrate the in-situ NaI detector system for application on steep alpine slopes. Replicate samples from an altitudinal transect through the Urseren Valley, measured in the laboratory with a GeLi detector, showed a large variability in ¹³⁷Cs activities at a meter scale. This small-scale heterogeneity determined with the GeLi detector is smoothed out by uncollimated in-situ measurements with the NaI detector, which provides integrated estimates of ¹³⁷Cs within the field of view (3.1 m²) of each measurement. There was no dependency of ¹³⁷Cs on pH, clay content and carbon content, but a close relationship was determined between measured ¹³⁷Cs activities and soil moisture. Thus, in-situ data must be corrected for soil moisture. Close correlation (R² = 0.86, p < 0.0001) was found for ¹³⁷Cs activities (in Bq kg⁻¹) estimated with in-situ (NaI detector) and laboratory (GeLi detector) methods. We thus concluded that the NaI detector system is a suitable tool for in-situ measurements in alpine environments. This paper describes the calibration of the NaI detector system for field application under elevated ¹³⁷Cs activities originating from Chernobyl fallout.     

异位热解吸技术在有机污染土壤修复中的应用和发展

热解吸技术以其高效、快速、适应性强等特点,在国外污染场地的修复项目中得以广泛应用。我国虽然起步较晚,但近年来国内相关的研究工作与工程应用发展迅速。介绍了热解吸技术原理、适用范围、分类及影响因素,国外热解吸技术与装备的发展历程及产业化发展现状;分析了热解吸技术在国内发展及应用特点和自主研发的装备工程化应用的现状;总结了该技术在国内工程应用过程中暴露的技术瓶颈与产业化问题,并提出解决这些问题的方向与建议。     

烟气脱硫石膏和园林废弃物堆肥混合施用对滨海盐渍土壤的改良

为克服烟气脱硫石膏改良盐碱地存在的土壤盐分升高、营养物质降低等不足,通过对不同重量配比的园林废弃物堆肥与适量烟气脱硫石膏混合施用,且开展了其对上海南汇滨海盐渍土的改良效应研究。结果表明：2种改良剂混合施用能显著降低滨海盐渍土pH和全盐含量,增加土壤营养物质含量和植物生物量,并提高植物对营养物质的吸收能力;与对照相比,当烟气脱硫石膏施用量为25 g·kg⁻¹时,土壤pH降低了10.9%,EC升高了8.4%,有效磷、有效氮和速效钾含量分别降低了30.1%、40.5%和36.1%,黑麦草发芽率下降了8.0%,植株内全氮、全钾含量均有所升高,但全磷含量减少了25.4%;混合施加不同重量配比的园林废弃物堆肥后,土壤pH降幅为6.8%~13.8%,EC降幅为4.2%~11.6%;土壤有效磷、有效氮和速效钾含量增幅分别为96.0%~182.7%、40.0%~186.7%和71.7%~157.5%;黑麦草发芽率和生物量逐渐增加,在园林废弃物堆肥施用量为40%时,与对照处理相比,此时植物发芽率达到90.0%,总湿重、地上干重、株高和根长等分别增加了154.1%、100.0%、89.2%和103.6%,植株体内氮和钾含量分别增加了139.9%和40.8%,磷的含量则接近对照处理。通过分析可知,烟气脱硫石膏和园林废弃物混合施用可较好地改良滨海盐渍土壤,并为城市固废的适合处置方式和综合利用途径提供了参考。