Using ecosystem-services assessments to determine trade-offs in ecosystem-based management of marine mammals

The goal of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to support a sustainable and holistic multisectored management approach, and is recognized in a number of international policy frameworks. However, it remains unknown how these goals should be linked to assessments and management plans for marine fauna, such as mammals and fish stocks. It appears particularly challenging to carry out trade-off analyses of various ocean uses without a framework that integrates knowledge of environmental, social, and economic benefits derived from nonstationary marine fauna. We argue this gap can be filled by applying a version of the ecosystem-service approach at the population level of marine fauna. To advance this idea, we used marine mammals as a case study to demonstrate what indicators could operationalize relevant assessments and deliver an evidence base for the presence of ecosystem services and disservices derived from marine mammals. We found indicators covering common ecosystem service categories feasible to apply; examples of indicator data are already available in the literature for several populations. We encourage further exploration of this approach for application to marina fauna and biodiversity management, with the caveat that conceptual tensions related to the use of the ecosystem service concept itself needs to be addressed to ensure acceptance by relevant stakeholders.     

Integration & assessment of recycling into c-Si photovoltaic module’s life cycle

Photovoltaic (PV) energy generation devices have experienced a vigorous growth in production over the last decade in all major industrialised countries. In this research paper, the assessment of recycling and subsequent production of new crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules taking advantage of the recovered Si in terms of industrial symbiosis is being examined. With the aid of life cycle analysis method, the potential payback is thoroughly examined through a scenario application in the second useful phase of the PV module. Furthermore, key environmental performance indicators have been implemented in order to evaluate power and resource demands.     

锅炉废气监测中若干技术问题的探讨

从滤筒的选取、大负压段样品采集、间断排放的采样时间及共用排气筒等方面出发,结合实际经验,对锅炉废气监测工作中存在的一些疑难问题进行探讨.     

用国务院《决定》指导环境宣传教育工作--学习国务院《关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》的体会

笔者结合环境保护宣传教育工作的实际，就如何贯彻落实国务院《关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》做好环保宣传教育工作进行了思考，提出了做好有关工作的建议。     

炼厂酸性气治理问题的探讨

通过对我国炼油厂酸性气治理技术的初步调研，阐述目前酸性气治理的基本状况，并对排放标准及存在的问题提出一些建议。     

有机废弃物农业利用的途径与技术简介

本文对我国有机废弃物农业利用的主要途径、技术措施及其发展趋势作了论述。     

中国富营养化湖泊的生物修复

描述了中国湖泊富营养化污染现状 ,论述了湖泊富营养化形成的机理、生物修复富营养化湖泊 (尤其是去除水体和底泥碳、氮、磷 )的理论依据 ;提出了修复湖泊富营养化的技术途径 ,阐明了笔者对机械清淤和生物修复各自具有的优势和缺陷的看法。     

气象因素对环境空气质量达标的影响分析

以天津市为例,分析地面风场、大气层结及天气形势等主要污染气象参量的特征及其与环境空气质量的相关关系;估算高、低污染潜势的天气背景对大气污染物浓度的影响幅度;提出在天气气候分类的基础上,建立气象条件标准化分级,评估气象条件对环境空气质量影响水平的方法。研究表明:天津市采暖季高污染的天气形势出现的频率约为34%,而非采暖季高污染的天气形势出现的频率约为16%,ISCLT3模型模拟结果显示相应于相同的污染源排放数据库由于采暖季和非采暖季气象条件不同引起的SO2全市平均浓度的差异约在10%以上。污染源源强相对稳定的条件下,高污染潜势的天气背景对空气污染的加剧作用大于低污染潜势的天气背景对空气污染的减轻作用。     

铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设中的物质流分析方法研究

针对循环经济建设模式下有色金属行业企业循环经济建设的物质流分析的特点,对铅锌冶炼企业物质流动情况,从分析方法的内容与步骤两方面进行了详尽的研究,得到了适用于铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设的物质流分析方法,即采用生命周期评价方法对铅锌冶炼主流程各工序的物质流进行分析,用化合物物质流分析方法进行铅锌伴生元素回收过程的输入输出分析.     

对稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的探讨

采用浓硫酸强化焙烧处理混合稀土精矿，产生大量的水、气、渣废弃物，平均每生产1吨稀土氧化物，将产生63000m^3的废气，200m^3的废水和1．4t左右的含放射性废渣。这些废弃物中含有大量有用化学物质，如：(NH4)2SO4 1．4t、NHCL3 2．2t、H2SO4约900Kg、HF 160Kg、BaSO4 230Kg和少量的HCL等，这些物质不易分离，提取困难，至今仍未实现有效的回收利用或处理处置，而基本全部排入环境，造成了严重的环境污染问题，制约着稀土工业的长期稳定发展。本文在长期治理技术研究、试验的基础上，结合现已成熟的治理技术和其它行业污染治理成果，概略的介绍了采用多种成熟技术的组合，分流分治的方法，根据各种污染源主要污染物的特性，以回收利用为目标，提出了稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的经济有效的途径，为全面根治稀土冶炼的污染总结出一条可行的途径。