土霉素残留对模型池塘生态系统代谢的影响

按生态学方法建立和培育模型池塘生态系统,选择符合要求的生态池,设立一个空白对照池和4个不同浓度用药池,用药后定期观测生态池溶解氧(DO)、pH值、初级生产力(P/R)等参数的变化.结果表明,100mg/L用药造成系统不可逆性的破坏;20mg/L和4mg/L浓度的用药对系统参数造成的影响比较短暂,系统参数分别在2wk后和1wk后恢复正常;0.8mg/L用药对系统参数几乎不造成可测定的影响.图3参8     

一体化污水处理和中水制备装置设计和研究

通过设计和生产规模测试 ,开发了一套一体化污水处理和中水制备的专利装置 ,集射流曝气、接触氧化、斜板沉淀和多格双层过滤于一体 ,可适用于生活污水处理和中水回用 ,出水消毒后可全面达到中水水质标准。同时对射流曝气、生物接触氧化及多格双层滤池的设计及运行中的—些关键问题 ,如氧化池填料及负荷的选用 ,填料上生物膜正常脱落的条件等进行了探讨和研究     

Residuary Toxic Elements And PAHs in Sediments of the Zbiornik Gilow Tailings Pond and Zimmica Stream from Lubin District, Southwest Poland

Eight selected elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni) were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in five samples from the tailings pond (Zbiornik Gilow) and waste water stream (Zimmica) in the Kupferschiefer mining district in Southwest Poland. Waste water from mining and concentration plants was discharged into Zbiornik Gilow pond for 30 years before 1989. Below Zbiornik Gilow the water flows through Zimmica stream, and then discharges into the River Odra. The analytic results indicate that the contamination of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn has spread out over 5km, and the contamination by Ni and Cr extends for 1.5km along the Zimmica stream although the stream has been abandoned since 1989. These elements could still be toxic for plants, animals and humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by GC and GC/MS. The results of the sediment samples show a contamination of PAHs only in trace contents.     

The Blue Green Algal Bloom in the Nearshore Waters of Cukai Bay Facing the South China Sea

Since the early 1990's, large areas of mangrove forest along the nearshore waters of Cukai bay had been cleared to give way for the development of aquaculture activities, human settlement and setting up of new small scale fish processing industries. The Cukai bay, facing the South China Sea, has inflows from the Cukai river estuaries and other numerous small river tributaries. The water quality examined (April 1993 to March 1994) in the bay indicated that the ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus contents were high during the pre-wet monsoon (October 1993) with values of 28.2, 30.1 and 29.6 g L^-1, respectively. The source of nutrients in the estuary were from the newly established fish processing cottage industries, nearby fish culture activities, agro-based effluents (mainly fertilisers from surrounding paddy plantations), untreated human (from nearby villages) and animal wastes (from domestic cattle and goat farms) and siltation due to erosion from land development. The main bulk of the microplankton were comprised of diatoms, dinoflagellates, ciliophora and blue green algae. The blue green algae encountered were species of Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Phormodium and Trichodesmium while those of diatom were species of Asterionella, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Navicula and Nitzschia. Peak microplankton production in the water column occurred in October 1993, reaching a maximum value of 173 g C L^-1 d^-1. This comprised primarily of the blue green alga, Trichodesmium thiebautii.     

柴河铅锌矿尾矿库复垦治理中不同覆土与植被措施的效益估算

以铁岭柴河铅锌矿尾矿库复垦治理为例,根据尾矿库“生态封闭”原理,选取表层覆土50cm种植紫穗槐（措施1）、设置土工布隔离后覆土30cm种植紫穗槐（措施2）和厚覆土150cm种植刺槐与紫穗槐（措施3）等3种不同覆土及植被措施,运用影子工程法、替代成本法、恢复费用法和生态价值法等方法,构建尾矿库覆土与植被措施的效益估算模型,估算各措施的深层淋滤污染扩散防治效益、地表径流侵蚀扩散防治效益和风蚀扩散防治效益.效益估算结果表明：措施1、措施2和措施3的深层淋滤污染扩散防治效益分别为2975.24,3449.56,3604.75万元/a;3种措施可在不同程度上减少表层覆土流失、下游河道淤积及水体重金属污染,产生的地表径流侵蚀扩散防治效益分别为1222.66,2585.71,2586.75万元/a;3种覆土及植被措施均可有效抑制重金属风蚀污染扩散,产生的风蚀扩散防治效益分别为1235.45,1235.45,1237.86万元/a. 3种覆土及植被措施在重金属污染防治方面的综合效益分别为5433.35,7270.72,7429.36万元/a. 深层淋滤污染扩散防治效益在综合效益中所占比重最大,尾矿库覆土及植被措施的选择应以控制雨水入渗淋滤为主,结合降雨、蒸发等气象因素和覆盖土壤特性等,考虑治理成本,合理确定覆土厚度以及设置隔离层的必要性.     

淮南矿区刘岗塘沉积物中重金属污染现状评价

通过对淮南矿区典型采煤沉陷水体（刘岗塘）中沉积物若干重金属元素含量的ICP-AES测定,分析了沉积物元素含量特征及变化趋势。对照Hakanson提出的工业化以前的重金属元素背景值,探讨了重金属元素的富集程度,运用潜在生态危害指数法评估了沉积物的污染程度。同时,根据周边直接及其他间接污染源特点,分析了其对沉积物重金属富集的影响。     

基于贝叶斯网的网箱养殖区网箱移动预测建模

由专家知识和给定数据,采用著名贝叶斯网络学习K2算法构造了一个海底网箱养殖水环境指标与网箱移动间的贝叶斯网结构模型.该模型能有效的表达网箱养殖环境各个指标之间以及与网箱移动之间的因果关系和影响程度,实验结果表明,试验数据显示准确性为90.6%,以上证明该方法是有效可行的,表明贝叶斯网络是一种很有前途的网箱移动预测评价方法.     

一起突发性鱼塘污染事件应用水生毒理学评价的可行性研究

文章探讨了采用斑马鱼、大型水蚤急性毒性试验评价突发性水塘化学污染事件的可行性。结果表明：斑马鱼、大型水蚤急性毒性试验对水塘化学污染具有较好的敏感性,其斑马鱼24 h,48 h和96 h LC50分别为42%、30%和22.4%,大型水蚤48h、96h LC50分别为63%和17%,可以用于水塘化学污染的综合毒性评价。     

长江沿线尾矿库生态修复监管对策探讨

尾矿库坝体地质安全和生态修复一直受到高度关注。本文结合中央生态环境保护督察和新闻媒体相关报道,以长江经济带为例,梳理了矿山生态环境破坏和修复特别是尾矿库存在的主要问题,并分析了原因:标准储备不足和恢复目标不明,同时提出对策建议:制定尾矿库生态环境监管标准政策、严查尾矿库生态破坏与环境污染问题、建立健全尾矿库生态环境治理长效监管机制。     

尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台设计及验证

泥石流是一种极具破坏力的地质灾害类型,而尾矿库溃坝形成的泥石流除产生巨大破坏力外,还会造成严重的环境污染问题,为了分析其流态演进过程设计了泥石流相似模型试验台。本尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台采用全透明技术以观察泥石流的流态演进过程,同时在传感器对应位置外侧固定量尺,以记录泥石流流动过程中泥深的动（泥石流淹没高程）静（泥石流结束后滞留泥浆高度）态变化。与现有技术相比具有5大优点,主要体现在弯度调节、坡度调节及闸门装置3大系统,并通过相似模型试验与前人研究成果对比,验证了此试验台的可行性,对完善矿山泥石流流体力学理论及矿山泥石流防灾减灾工作具有重要的科学价值及意义。