制药废水经稳定塘处理用于农灌的可行性探讨

利用以厌氧塘为主体,以预沉池、二级厌氧塘、兼性塘组成的工艺,探讨了制药废水经过稳定塘处理后用于农灌的途径。在停留时间为7—11d时,COD去除率冬季为47％,夏季达到76.6％,夏季厌氧塘削减COD负荷达150g/m~3·d.其出水水质指标基本满足灌溉要求.还对气温、有机负荷、pH等对处理效果的影响进行了探讨。     

滨海沼泽湿地转化为养殖塘对其碳储量的影响

以闽江河口为研究区域,配对采集芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地、短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)湿地的植物、土壤(0～100cm)及由其围垦而成的水产养殖塘沉积物(0～100cm)样品,测定其有机碳含量,计算生态系统碳储量...     

不同稻渔系统对池塘养殖尾水的净化效果分析

采用围隔实验法考察不同虾蟹共作稻渔系统对养殖尾水的净化效果.结果表明:稻田及分别投放小龙虾和河蟹等稻渔共作系统均对养殖尾水净化作用显著,且相互间基本无显著差异(P>0.05);稻渔系统对水体中氨氮、亚硝氮、TN和TP的最大去除率分别为67.48％、78.13％、37.97％和53.05％;养殖尾水中IMn与悬浮物于1 ...     

Microalgae‐based biodiesel production in open raceway ponds using coal thermal flue gas: A case of West Bengal,India

India is one of the most populous countries and is the third largest greenhouse gas–emitting nation. Energy security is a serious issue for India as it relies heavily on fossil fuel imports. Biodiesel production using microalgae as feedstock can address both of these issues. In this study, the technical feasibility of microalgae‐based biodiesel production is carried out for a coal thermal power plant (i.e., Budge Budge Thermal Station) in the state of West Bengal, India, using a generic methodology. An oleaginous microalgae species that is tolerant toward flue gas was identified (i.e., Nannochloropsis sp). A 75‐acre open raceway microalgae production plant was designed keeping the costs, energy demand, and CO₂ emissions low. The open raceway pond can use 38 tons of CO₂, produce 19 tons of algal biomass, and treat 9320 m³ of wastewater per acre annually.     

基于改进CM的尾矿坝体变形4级预警阈值确定方法*

为改善我国尾矿库在线监测系统由于重建设、轻利用而导致的事故预警能力被制约的现状,以尾矿坝体变形速率监测指标为研究对象,通过引入改进云模型,根据3E规则确定尾矿坝变形监测的正常运营值边界,建立尾矿库坝体变形速率4级预警阈值确定模型,以湖北省某尾矿库为例进行实例分析。结果表明:通过提出的坝体预警阈值确定方法,可得出尾矿库坝体变形速率黄、橙、红各级预警阀值分别为10.842,16.68,25.02 mm/d;进一步与典型小概率法计算结果对比表明,所提出的尾矿坝变形速率4级预警阈值确定方法更加科学合理,可用于尾矿库重要安全监测指标预警值的确定。     

Water quality and restoration in a coastal subdivision stormwater pond

Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants in stormwater ponds can lead to a number of water quality problems including high nutrient, chemical contaminant, and bacterial levels. This study examined the interaction between land use and coastal pond water quality in a South Carolina residential subdivision pond. Eutrophic levels of chlorophyll and phosphorus were present in all seasons. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms were prevalent during the summer months. Microcystin toxin and fecal coliform bacteria levels were measured that exceeded health and safety standards. Low concentrations of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D) were also detected during summer months. Drainage from the stormwater pond may transport contaminants into the adjacent tidal creek and estuary. A survey of residents within the pond's watershed indicated poor pet waste management and frequent use of fertilizers and pesticides as possible contamination sources. Educational and outreach activities were provided to community members to create an awareness of the water quality conditions in the pond. Pond management strategies were then recommended, and selected mitigation actions were implemented. Water quality problems identified in this study have been observed in other coastal stormwater ponds of varying size and salinity, leading this project to serve as a potential model for coastal stormwater pond management.     

Novel materials for environmental remediation of tailing pond waters containing naphthenic acids

A nanofiltration strategy for tailing pond waters (TPWs) that utilizes cyclodextrin (CD)-based polymeric materials as supramolecular sorbents is proposed. Naphthenic acids (NAs) from the Athabasca TPWs are investigated as the target sorbate molecules.The sorption properties of several supramolecular porous materials were characterized using equilibrium sorption isotherms in aqueous solution wherein electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to monitor the concentration of NAs in aqueous solution. The characterization of the supramolecular sorbents was performed using ¹³C NMR and IR spectroscopy, while nitrogen porosimetry was used to estimate their surface area and pore structure properties. Independent estimates of surface area were obtained using a chromophore dye adsorption method in aqueous solution.The sorption results for NAs in solution were compared between a commercially available standard; granular activated carbon (GAC) and three types of synthetic materials. The sorption capacities for GAC ranged from 100 to 160 mg NAs/g of material whereas the polymeric materials ranged from 20 to 30 mg NAs/g of material over the experimental conditions investigated. In general, differences in the sorption properties between GAC and the CD-based sorbents were observed and related to differences in the surface areas of the materials and the chemical nature of the sorbents. The CD-based supramolecular materials displayed sorption capacities ranging from 36.2 to 657 m²/g as compared to that for GAC (795 m²/g).     

高级综合稳定塘处理养猪场废水

针对大型规模化养猪场污水污染负荷高 ,行业利润水平低的特点 ,采用高级综合稳定塘工艺对广州市某养猪场的废水进行处理。实际运行结果表明 ,在废水CODCr为 1 5 899mg L、BOD5为 1 0 84 0mg L、氨氮为 1 2 83mg L和SS为30 2 4mg L的条件下 ,出水CODCr为 71 5mg L、BOD5为 2 3mg L、氨氮为 6 6 5mg L ,SS为 34mg L ,达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 (GB1 85 96 2 0 0 1 )的要求     

污水稳定塘除藻的可行性技术研究

研究了稳定塘系统出水中微藻的自动絮凝作用规律．在光暗交替条件下,微藻生物量呈增减替换趋势;在遮光条件下即出现所谓“暗沉降”现象;揭示了由于优势种的不同所显现的沉降速率的差异．研究还肯定了水生动物（ 如蚌和鱼） 对微藻的滤食作用及絮凝剂（ Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 和 Ｐ Ａ Ｃ） 在适当ｐ Ｈ 值下对微藻的快速絮凝沉降效率．在此基础上提出了几种廉价且便于操作的除藻技术,如采用间歇排水方式除藻或采用遮光措施,或用 Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 絮凝剂除藻等     

高强度农业种植区不同景观池塘氧化亚氮排放特征

农业流域水体氮循环过程与农业活动有着十分紧密联系,会随着农业活动的持续进行而成为大气N₂O的重要排放源.小型池塘具有灌溉、蓄水和纳污等多种功能,是农业种植区和农村景观的重要组成部分.以巢湖北岸典型农业流域烔炀河流域为研究对象,选取3种不同类型(村塘、农塘和水塘),共计6个池塘,于2020年9月至2021年9月连续采样观测,探究了农业流域不同景观池塘N₂O排放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,用于生活污水承纳的村塘N₂O排放最高,其次为用于农业灌溉的农塘,其N₂O排放通量分别为流域自然水塘排放量[(1.33±2.50)μmol·(m²·d)^-1]的8倍和4倍.连续观测表明不同景观池塘N₂O排放表现出明显的时间变化特征,但其N₂O排放时间变化的调控因子有所不同.其中,村塘与农塘N₂O排放主要受氮负荷和降雨影响,而远离村庄农田的水塘N₂O排放变化主要受水温驱动.烔炀河流域池塘是大气...