A位掺杂LaSrCoO4对CO和C3H8氧化性能研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺溶胶-凝胶法制备了A位掺杂(Cu、Ce)LaSrCoO4复合氧化物催化剂,考察了它们对CO和C3H8的催化氧化活性,并运用XRD,TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,不同稀土掺杂对LaSrCoO4复合氧化物的CO和C3H8氧化活性的影响不同,Cu掺杂能增加Co3+、化学吸附氧和晶格氧的数量,提高复合氧化物的活性,而Ce则相反。     

污水同步脱氮除磷技术及运行控制要点

以污水脱氮除磷机理为基础,从反应动力学和过程动力学角度对同步脱氮除磷的主要影响因素:溶解氧DO浓度、有机负荷、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐浓度、污泥龄θC、流态和回流比进行了分析,指出通过模拟试验来确定运行控制参数并对其进行智能控制(IC),可保证系统稳定、高效、节能运行。     

阴离子膜矿浆电解回收干电池正极材料中的锰

研究了硫酸介质中阴离子膜矿浆电解回收废旧干电池正极材料中锰的工艺条件。实验结果表明,阴极室浸出锰离子的较佳条件为:电流密度150A/m2,酸度1.0mol/L,液固比8∶1,温度20℃。在此条件下恒电流电解90min,锰的回收率为25.77%,阴极表观电流效率为101.1%。经反应机理分析得出,在浸出前1h,反应的控制步骤为混合控制,1h后为化学反应控制,活化能为52.85kJ/mol。采用该法可实现资源的循环利用,具有环境和经济效益。     

镍、铬对活性污泥真实产率的影响

采用两个直流完全混合式反应器,研究了Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 对好氧活性污泥真实产率系数(YH)、COD去除率、MLSS和污泥呼吸作用的影响.结果表明,当Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为3 mg/L时,YH(MMLSS/MCOD)从无重金属的0.388分别升高到Ni(Ⅱ) 的0.427和Cr(Ⅵ) 的0.408;COD的去除率不受影响,MLSS增加了7.5%;污泥呼吸作用增强了5%.随着Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 浓度的进一步增加,YH、COD去除率、MLSS和呼吸作用都迅速下降.当Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为15 mg/L时,YH(MMLSS/MCOD)分别为0.289和0.218;而Ni(Ⅱ) 、Cr(Ⅵ) 为25 mg/L时,对污泥呼吸的抑制作用分别达43%和60%.总体来看,Cr(Ⅵ) 比Ni(Ⅱ) 对系统的毒性更大.     

铊在黄铁矿中的相态分布及碳酸盐在其释放过程中的作用

采用分级提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对黄铁矿中铊的相态分布进行了考察.结果表明,黄铁矿中的铊主要以存在于硅酸盐相中和以酸可交换的形式存在于矿物结构中的铊为主,这部分铊分别占到58.3%和25.1%;以可氧化态形式结合在黄铁矿(FeS2)中的铊次之,占11.2%;以易还原态形式存在于铁氧化物相中的铊最少,为5.4%.自然条件下铊的释放主要是酸可交换态铊和可氧化态铊的释放迁移过程.漫反射红外光谱表征发现,黄铁矿在表面氧化过程中其表面羟基增多,表明存在表面溶解及表面酸化现象.进一步的释放机理探讨认为,铊在黄铁矿表面存在一种"溶解-吸附沉淀"平衡,这一平衡由碳酸盐中和作用和黄铁矿表面氧化共同控制,并决定了铊的释放迁移.     

大气模拟烟雾箱系统的研究进展

烟雾箱是研究大气光化学反应的主要工具.30年来国内外有多个研究机构建立了烟雾箱,并对各种光化学反应进行了研究,以收集数据来发展和检验大气光化学反应机理.从系统构造、配置仪器及所进行的光化学实验几个方面,综述了国内外烟雾箱系统的研究进展,其中背景影响较小的烟雾箱能为评价化学反应机理提供精度较高的数据,二次有机气溶胶(secondary organic aerosol,SOA)的形成机理成为目前的研究热点.     

Cu改性悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器处理阿特拉津溶液的降解效率及动力学研究

通过将Cu改性悬浮型光催化氧化过程与纳滤分离膜技术进行耦合构成悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器联合处理阿特拉津(Atrazine)溶液.在Atrazine初始浓度ρ0分别为5,15和25mg·l-1,光催化剂浓度ρTiO2为1500mg·l-1,废水pH值为5.5,UV强度为45mW·cm-2,膜分离压力和错流流速分别控制在1250kPa和3m·s-1,反应温度20±1℃的最佳实验条件下,35min之内目标污染物基本被彻底光催化降解,矿化率达到90%以上,出现显著耦合效应;当目标污染物浓度分别为5mg·l-1,15mg·l-1和25mg·l-1时,在ρ/ρ0≥0.6的范围内,光催化降解过程分别遵循一级、零级和一级的混合以及零级反应动力学模型.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol in subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide addition

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol （PCP, C6HC150）, as the probable human carcinogen, was investigated in a tubular reactor under subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide （NaOH） addition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 30（0-420℃ and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa, with a residence time that ranged from 10 s to 70 s. Under the reaction conditions, the initial PCP concentrations were varied from 0.25 to 1.39 mmol/L, and the NaOH concentrations were varied from 2.5 to 25 times of the concentrations of PCP. The result of this study showed that PCP conversion in supercritical water was highly dependent on the reaction temperature, residence time, and NaOH concentration. PCP conversion in subcritical water is, however, only dependent on reaction temperature. NaOH concentration and residence times were found to have little effect on PCP conversion in subcritical condition. It was found that NaOH concentration affected the dechlorinations of PCP in the supercritical water. The intermediates detected were proposed to be tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, respectively.