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161.
Kapok fiber corresponds to the seed hairs of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra), and is a typical cellulosic fiber with the features of thin cell wall, large lumen, low density and hydrophobic- oleophilic properties. As a type of renewable natural plant fiber, kapok fiber is abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable, and its full exploration and potential application have received increasing attention in both academic and industrial fields. Based on the structure and properties of kapok fiber, this review provides a summary of recent research on kapok fiber including chemical and physical treatments, kapok fiber-based compositematerials, and the application of kapok fiber as an absorbent material for oils, metal ions, dyes, and sound, with special attention to its use as an oil-absorbing material, one predominant application of kapok fiber in the coming future. 相似文献
162.
A novel paper-based material containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a papermaking technique with the internal addition of inorganic fibers on which TiO2 particles were supported. Photodegradation performance of acetaldehyde gas, an indoor pollutant, and the durability of the TiO2-containing papers were investigated under UV irradiation. Ceramic fiber suspension and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride as a cationic flocculant were mixed, followed by the addition of TiO2 suspension and anionic polyacrylamide. Subsequently, the inorganic mixture was poured into a pulp suspension, and TiO2 handsheets then prepared by a papermaking method. The tensile strength of TiO2-containing paper without a ceramic carrier decreased by more than 30% after 240-h UV irradiation (2 mW/cm2), although the strength of the TiO2 sheet with ceramic fibers remained reasonably stable. The efficiency of acetaldehyde decomposition by the TiO2 paper containing an inorganic carrier was nearly equal to that of the carrier-free TiO2 paper. Scanning electron microscopic observation suggested that most TiO2 particles were predominantly supported on the inorganic fiber matrix, and were mostly out of contact with organic pulp fibers. The TiO2 paper with an inorganic carrier demonstrated both excellent photocatalytic performance and durability, which before had been mutually incompatible for organic materials containing TiO2 photocatalyst. The two-stage mixing procedure for TiO2 sheet-making is promising for the simple manufacture of high performance paper with photocatalytic ability. 相似文献
163.
Processing and characterization of a new biodegradable composite made of a PHB/V matrix and regenerated cellulosic fibers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ch. Bourban E. Karamuk M. J. de Fondaumière K. Ruffieux J. Mayer E. Wintermantel 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):159-166
In this study, a biodegradable composite consisting of a degradable continuous cellulosic fiber and a degradable polymer matrix—poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate
(PHB/V with 19% HV)—was developed. The composite was processed by impregnating the cellulosic fibers on-line withPHB/V powder in a fluidization chamber. The impregnated roving was then filament wound on a plate and hot-pressed. The resulting
unidirectional composite plates were mechanically tested and optically characterized by SEM. The fiber content was 9.9 ±0.9
vol% by volumetric determination. The fiber content predicted by the rule of mixture for unidirectional composites was 13.8
±1.4 vol%. Optical characterization showed that the fiber distribution was homogeneous and a satisfactory wetting of the fibers
by the matrix was achieved. Using a blower to remove excess matrix powder during processing increased the fiber content to
26.5 ±3.3 vol % (volumetric) or 30.0 ±0.4 vol% (rule of mixture). The tensile strength of the composite parallel to the fiber
direction was 128 ±12 MPa (10 vol% fiber) up to 278 ±48 MPa (26.5 vol% fiber), compared to 20 MPa for the PHB/V matrix. The
Young’s modulus was 5.8 ±0.5 GPa (10 vol% fiber) and reached 11.4 ±0.14 GPa (26.5 vol% fiber), versus 1 GPa for the matrix. 相似文献
164.
把荧光素固定在经处理的生物膜上,研制成光导纤维生物膜碘荧光传感器。I-的线性响应范围为3×10-5mol/L—5×10-3mol/L,相对标准偏差为065%,响应时间为25~35min。 相似文献
165.
用于预应力筋长期实时应力监测的光纤传感测试技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
预应力筋是预应力混凝土结构中的关键受力构件,对其应力状态的监测具有重大意义。针对传统测试方法难以有效解决其应力分布测试问题的现状,提出基于光纤布拉格光栅传感测试技术的预应力筋长期实时应力监测方法。设计模拟张拉装置,并构建预应力钢筋的光纤光栅应变测试系统,进行模拟试验研究,其试验结果表明,该测试系统适合于预应力筋的工作环境,具有线性度高、重复性好,且不影响基体性能的特点。此外,针对预应力钢绞线的特殊结构和工作特点,提出具有温度补偿能力的锚端光纤布拉格光栅应力传感测试方案,并进行理论分析。研究结果验证了光纤光栅传感技术用于预应力筋应力测试的可行性,并为其实际工程应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
166.
本实验研究了湿式振动纤维栅的一种新型过滤材质——扁平形金属丝带。根据影响除尘性能的因素,分别研究了风速和过滤片数对金属丝带纤维栅的除尘效率和过滤阻力的影响,并从理论上解释了金属丝带纤维栅的过滤阻力增加的原因,提出了一种新型结构的金属丝带纤维栅。矩形金属纤维栅实验结果说明:在一定风速下,随着过滤片数的增加,除尘效率增加。当风速为3.3m/s,过滤片为6片时,全粉尘的除尘效率达99%;呼吸性粉尘的分级效率大于94%,达到了与化学纤维栅相同的水平。过滤阻力随着速度和过滤片数的增加近似呈线性增加。当湿式振动矩形金属纤维栅为6片,风速为3.3m/s时,纤维栅在当量直径为0.074mm和0.109mm时的最大过滤阻力分别为488Pa和500Pa。 相似文献
167.
The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO2 emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (3 ton CO2 emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO2 emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m3 crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run. 相似文献
168.
169.
170.
改性聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜处理乳化液废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用改性聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜处理乳化液废水(COD浓度100~300 g/L、含油量30~100 g/L),考察了在不同压力、温度及流速条件下,膜处理能力的变化,并研究了清洗方法对膜性能的恢复效果。结果表明,在组合预处理条件下,乳化液废水的COD去除率可达95%以上,油去除率可达99%以上,采用金属清洗剂可使膜的透过量恢复率达97%以上。该项研究为膜处理技术用于乳化液废水处理奠定了基础。 相似文献