文化差异与跨文化营销的研究进展

围绕文化差异与跨文化营销的主要研究成果,分析文化差异与跨文化营销研究的兴起情况以及国内外学者对文化差异和跨文化营销的研究的现状.     

Combating Desertification: Building on Traditional Knowledge Systems of the Thar Desert Communities

The Thar Desert of western India is known for its rich and ancient culture system and traditions. The communities have long been part of the Thar Desert ecosystem and have evolved specific strategies to live in harmony with its hostile environment. This culture has provided several miracle plants of immense food and medicinal value to modern civilisation. The ancient rural livelihood knowledge system reflects time-tested techno-scientific knowledge with a proven track record of sustainability, especially during natural hazards like drought and famines. In addition, several of the traditional skills of local communities in arts and crafts, music and instruments have made modern man aware of the art and techniques of sustainably utilising local biological resources and preserving their biodiversity along with using waste products of the forests, without harming the desert ecosystem. Traditional cultural and socio-religious values are fast dwindling under the impact of materialistic approach, industrialisation and development. This paper endeavours to illustrate the need to assist and propagate indigenous rural livelihood systems rather than mindlessly replace or abandon them as a result of state bureaucracies.     

Speaking of fire: reflexive governance in landscapes of social change and shifting local identities

ABSTRACT

The concept of reflexive governance has to a large extent emerged from an increasing recognition of the need to consider different meanings of nature in the environmental policy-making process. Yet, so far, little attention has been paid to creating conditions for reflexive governance among different actors in intercultural settings, particularly in the context of environmental conflict and strong cultural change among indigenous peoples. This paper reviews three participatory research projects carried out in the Gran Sabana in Canaima National Park, Venezuela, which facilitated dialogue among indigenous people regarding their conflicting views of fire, in part by developing community-wide critical reflections on processes of cultural change and identity formations. These experiences suggest that once marginalized environmental knowledge is publicly acknowledged within the context of endogenous cultural processes, indigenous people feel more confident to engage in dialogue with other actors, thus allowing the emergence of reflexive environmental governance.     

文化和旅游的关系网络及其融合路径研究

为破解文化和旅游融合发展过程中的困难和挑战,借鉴共生理论、社会互动理论和互惠规范理论,构建了文化和旅游共生—共建—共享的关系网络,并进一步从政府、企业和旅游者角度提出文旅融合发展路径,最终构建了文化和旅游在理念、职能、产业、市场、服务和交流方面的六大融合矩阵。     

游客感知价值对故宫文创产品购买意向的影响研究

以故宫文创产品为例,构建了博物馆文创产品六维感知价值与购买意向的概念模型,并利用结构方程模型对假设加以检验。研究发现,创新价值和体验价值对游客购买意向具有显著影响,而品质价值、社会价值、价格价值并非是引起游客购买意向的主要因素。基于此,提出继续推动故宫文创产品创新,加大体验式产品开发。     

Unexpected threat from conservation to endangered species: reflections from the front-line staff on sea turtle conservation

This study described the paradox created by the efforts of a conservation organization, which caused an emerging threat to the survival of an endangered species, as well as proposed recommendations to mitigate this paradox. In-depth interviews were conducted to investigate the problems encountered during the implementation of conservation practices by green sea turtle conservation workers (volunteers) in Lanyu, Taiwan. The staff believed that the implementation of the green sea turtle conservation measures violated the traditional cultural beliefs of the local residents (Tao/Yami ethnic group), which caused resentment by the residents towards the organization. Consequently, the residents did not cooperate with the organization and even discouraged conservation activities. In addition, green sea turtle ecotourism promoted by the conservation organization in recent years violated local customs of not having contact with green sea turtles or entering their habitats.     

我国地质公园的空间分布与保护网络的构建

我国地质公园空间体系目前存在着空间结构不均衡、类型结构不合理、宏观评价和指导相对薄弱等问题。在简要回顾国际上国家公园和保护区体系网络发展趋势的基础上,分析了影响我国地质公园空间分布的相关因素,包括资源与空间因素,如自然地理格局、地质遗迹分区、地域分区及行政区划等;管理与人为因素,如资源普查、保护区重叠、经济发展水平、资金投入及人为重视程度等。由此提出了完善我国地质公园网络的建议:强化"自上而下"的科学评价和指导;加强普查,寻找保护空缺;走向网络化的空间保护模式;建立多级管理合作平台。     

英语教学中的文化导入

语言和文化是密不可分的,在外语教学中要达到语言与文化并重的目的,就要充分重视文化导入的问题.本篇文章详细阐述了文化导入问题在英语教学中的重要性以及外语教学中文化导入的内容及方法.     

国家保护地体系建设：西方标准反思与中国路径探讨

借鉴西方标准曾对我国保护地制度的建立起到了重要作用。然而,当前国际标准对我国已建立起来的保护地体系已经显现出不适用,因此有必要对其进行反思。回溯我国及世界保护地制度的建立过程及其关联,由于我国在国际保护地标准制定过程中参与度过低,导致我国保护地的特性与发展阶段需求在国际标准中体现不足。我国保护地具有的文化景观属性,即传统的“天人合一”的环境观与西方人和自然对立的思想截然不同。我国保护地面临着保护与发展双重挑战,直接将基于特定人口状况和发展阶段的保护地所制定的标准用于其他状况下的保护地,其合理性存在着问题。应更加批判地看待西方标准,积极探讨可持续和平发展的中国路径。     

自然保护地的文化景观价值演变与识别—以泰山为例

中国的自然保护地具有生态和文化双重价值,文化景观作为自然与文化的交界面,如何识别其价值对中国自然保护地的管理至关重要。以泰山为例,通过古籍文献和实地勘察等方法,从历时性角度对泰山的文化景观价值演变进行剖析。研究发现,泰山文化景观价值经历了山岳崇拜的自然价值、君权神授的政治价值、佛道信仰的宗教价值、祭祀游居的民俗价值及保护利用的综合价值五个阶段。结论认为：自然保护地文化景观价值的演变具有一定的规律性：名山自然保护地的文化景观价值演变是从自然到文化再到综合、从御到民、从单一到多元、从分离到融合的过程;自然保护地文化景观价值的构成要素包括思想基础、环境条件、行为方式及空间结果四部分,具有鲜明的完整性、系统性和动态性特征。文章还对自然保护地文化景观价值的识别策略进行了讨论,为相应类型的国家公园和其他类型自然保护地建设提供参考。