STORMWATER HARVESTING IN THE URBAN WATERSHEDS OF ARID ZONES1

ABSTRACT: A representative city in an arid zone, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is instrumented to determine the quantity and quality of storm runoff with a view to investigating the possibility of using it for industrial and agricultural purposes after appropriate treatments. In an urban watershed in the City of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, quantity and quality of storm runoff had been monitored for the past six years, and the average annual runoff that can be harvested was determined. The quality of runoff is well within the range of possible reuse schemes, most notably for restricted irrigation. Treatment schemes for the harvested water are proposed.     

Sex Structure of Scotch Pine Populations in the Dry Steppe

it has been determined that the sex structure of the population is of great importance for pine adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. As environmental conditions deteriorate, differentiation of populations with respect to sex becomes more apparent, the proportion of trees of mixed type decreases, and the number of male trees increases. A tendency toward correlation between tree habitus, needle and shoot sizes, and the sex structure of population is noted. The prevalence of male trees in populations exposed to increasing stress reflects the rearrangement of such populations aimed at the more efficient use of natural resources.     

Response of photosynthesis,morphology and growth of Hedysarum mongolicum seedlings to simulated precipitation change in Maowusu sandland

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｏｗｕｓｕｓａｎｄｌａｎｄ ,ａｓｅｍｉ ａｒｉｄａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａ,ｌｉｅｓｏｎｍｉｄｄｌｅｐａｒｔｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｎｏｒｔｈｄｅｓｅｒｔ (Ｙａｏ ,1 992 ) .Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓａｎｄｔｈｅｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｓｌａｒｇｅａｒｅａｓｏｆｓａｎｄ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｌａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅ(Ｚｈａｎ ,1 994;Ｃｈｉ,1 994) .Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｗａｔｅｒｓ…     

旱地作物根际和非根际土壤硝酸盐异化还原成铵细菌群落组成的研究

为研究典型旱地农田土壤硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)的群落组成,针对DNRA过程的功能基因nrfA进行高通量测序.根际和非根际、4种典型农作物共16个样品,质控后每个样品得到87000条序列,在相似度≥90%下划分到27952个OTUs,选取其中丰度较高的258个代表OTUs进行生态学分析.多样性分析(OTUs水平)结果表明:3/4的作物根际土壤样品中的DNRA群落丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度高于相应非根际样品,对比4种作物,粟作物根部土壤DNRA群落多样性最高,玉米作物非根际土壤最低.对代表OTUs进行分类,共定义到6个门(Phylum),19个属(Genus).其中相对丰度最高的3个属为Hyalangium(29.31%)、Chthoniobacter(20.33%)和Nitrospira(13.41%),表明三者在群落组成中占主导地位.结合土壤理化因子分析,DNRA群落相对丰度与NO~-_2-N、TN、含水率、TOM、pH及温度呈显著相关关系.本研究在一定程度上揭示了旱地农田土壤DNRA细菌的群落组成、多样性及与土壤环境因子的关系,为提高氮肥的利用效率和减小环境污染提供理论依据.     

近50 a西北干旱区冬季积雪日数变化特征

论文基于西北干旱区104个站点1961—2010年的日积雪深度、日平均气温、日降水量数据和NCEP/NCAR数据,利用K-means聚类分析、Mann-Kendall法等方法,对西北干旱区冬季积雪日数的时空变化特征及其变化原因进行分析。结果表明:1)冬季积雪日数大值主要集中在阿尔泰山和准噶尔盆地地区,西辽河流域、鄂尔多斯高原、天山、塔里木、阿拉善高原地区冬季积雪日数相对较少,内蒙古高原地区冬季积雪日数基本呈由高纬地区向低纬地区减少的趋势。2)近50 a,西北干旱区冬季积雪日数呈增加趋势,且各区域主要在1984年发生突变现象。内蒙古高原地区内站点冬季积雪日数变化较大,其他分区内站点的冬季积雪日数基本无变化。3)西北干旱区各分区周期变化主要集中在5、10、25 a左右,其中25 a的周期变化最为明显。4)冬季东亚大槽、南支槽的减弱与西风的增强使西北干旱区降水量增加是导致西北干旱区冬季积雪日数增加的主要原因。     

新疆阿勒泰地区主要风景旅游区水环境与可持续发展

对阿勒泰地区主要风景旅游区水环境保护与可持续发展进行了探讨。     

榆林市大气中主要污染物浓度变化规律初探

本文初探了干旱的榆林地区大气污染物浓度变化规律。指出悬浮微粒污染最严重,SO_2次之,NO_x最轻,描述了各种污染物季节变化规律。     

Dependable Water Supplies from Valley Alluvium in Arid Regions

Reliable sources of high-quality water for domestic use are much needed in arid regions. Valley alluvium, coarse sand and gravel deposited by streams and rivers, provides an ideal storage medium for water in many regions of the world. However, river sediments will not accumulate in a valley without a natural or artificial barrier to slow the water. Sediments will deposit upstream of a barrier dam and form an alluvial deposit of relatively well-sorted material. The alluvium then acts as both an underground water-supply reservoir and a water filter, yielding a constant flow of high-quality water. Trap dams that store water in alluvial sediments and slowly release the filtered water represent an appropriate and inexpensive technology for combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought at the community level. Small trap dams may be built as a community project using local materials and local labor.     

绿洲-荒漠交错带土地利用/覆盖时空变化研究

选择新疆于田县为研究区,从导致区域生态环境问题的主要驱动因素--土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)为出发点,以遥感技术为依托,对3个时相的陆地卫星数据及相关统计资料进行了处理,利用得到的土地覆盖差值图像,定量分析评价了该区域1979-2001年的时空变化趋势及其主要驱动机制.结果表明:造成绿洲-荒漠交错带生态环境变化的原因主要是绿洲人口数量的剧增以及过渡樵采等,不合理的水土资源利用导致绿洲荒漠化和交错带地下水位下降.绿洲-荒漠交错带普遍存在植被覆盖度大面积下降现象,原先连续的过渡带已有转化成生态裂谷的趋势,绿洲的屏障作用进一步降低.在绿洲外围风沙前沿地带,地表裸露、松散,在起沙风的作用下,流沙侵入农田,进一步恶化了本已很贫瘠而又脆弱的农业生态环境.因此,现阶段绿洲外围生态环境较为恶劣,整体处于不稳定状况.      

乡村旅游地生态系统安全评估研究——以岷江上游干温河谷区为例

以岷江上游干温河谷乡村旅游生态系统为研究对象,根据“压力一状态一响应”模型原理,运用构建的乡村旅游生态系统安全评估体系,在确定系统不安全指数和评价指标权重的基础上,评价乡村旅游生态系统的不安全度。研究表明,在羌族乡村旅游发展过程中,生态系统质量、生物物种质量、森林覆盖率等指标成为岷江上游干温河谷系统安全的重要限制因素,而生态建设能力和环境保护意识成为生态安全响应能力的主要限制因素。研究不仅为岷江干温河谷生态环境的人文治理途径提供借鉴,也将为震后羌族区域经济恢复与持续发展提供决策指导。