新疆阿勒泰地区主要风景旅游区水环境与可持续发展

对阿勒泰地区主要风景旅游区水环境保护与可持续发展进行了探讨。     

榆林市大气中主要污染物浓度变化规律初探

本文初探了干旱的榆林地区大气污染物浓度变化规律。指出悬浮微粒污染最严重,SO_2次之,NO_x最轻,描述了各种污染物季节变化规律。     

Dependable Water Supplies from Valley Alluvium in Arid Regions

Reliable sources of high-quality water for domestic use are much needed in arid regions. Valley alluvium, coarse sand and gravel deposited by streams and rivers, provides an ideal storage medium for water in many regions of the world. However, river sediments will not accumulate in a valley without a natural or artificial barrier to slow the water. Sediments will deposit upstream of a barrier dam and form an alluvial deposit of relatively well-sorted material. The alluvium then acts as both an underground water-supply reservoir and a water filter, yielding a constant flow of high-quality water. Trap dams that store water in alluvial sediments and slowly release the filtered water represent an appropriate and inexpensive technology for combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought at the community level. Small trap dams may be built as a community project using local materials and local labor.     

绿洲-荒漠交错带土地利用/覆盖时空变化研究

选择新疆于田县为研究区,从导致区域生态环境问题的主要驱动因素--土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)为出发点,以遥感技术为依托,对3个时相的陆地卫星数据及相关统计资料进行了处理,利用得到的土地覆盖差值图像,定量分析评价了该区域1979-2001年的时空变化趋势及其主要驱动机制.结果表明:造成绿洲-荒漠交错带生态环境变化的原因主要是绿洲人口数量的剧增以及过渡樵采等,不合理的水土资源利用导致绿洲荒漠化和交错带地下水位下降.绿洲-荒漠交错带普遍存在植被覆盖度大面积下降现象,原先连续的过渡带已有转化成生态裂谷的趋势,绿洲的屏障作用进一步降低.在绿洲外围风沙前沿地带,地表裸露、松散,在起沙风的作用下,流沙侵入农田,进一步恶化了本已很贫瘠而又脆弱的农业生态环境.因此,现阶段绿洲外围生态环境较为恶劣,整体处于不稳定状况.      

Ecotoudsm Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province,such as serious soil erosion,fragile ecological environment,low levels of economy and so on.Ad- vantages of tourism resources in theperiphery regionsshould be fully utilized,andmulti-tourismmeets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions.Themulti-tourism de- velopment modelcan exert the functions of tourism as the key industry.Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries,the mo...     

重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力研究

重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、扩大绿色生态空间的重要区域,在实现全国生态资产保值增值方面发挥着重要作用。然而,现阶段围绕重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力开展的研究较少。为明确重点生态功能区生态资产保护的驱动力以及存在的问题,本文利用遥感影像并结合图像解译、GIS空间分析和数理统计等方法对重点生态功能区内生态资产展开分析,并将其与非重点生态功能区进行比较。研究结果显示:重点生态功能区内森林、灌丛、草地和湿地生态资产总面积为349.30万km~2,优级和良级生态资产占生态资产总面积的42.42%,生态资产综合指数为21.19。15年间,重点功能区内生态资产总面积增加0.05%,优级和良级生态资产面积占比分别增加0.59%和0.85%,生态资产综合指数增加2.94。重点生态功能区生态资产面积和质量增幅均小于非重点生态功能区,然而重点生态功能区生态资产指数增量高于非重点生态功能区。生态恢复是驱动重点生态功能区生态资产面积变化的主因,对原有生态资产的保护是促进生态资产指数增加的最主要驱动力(贡献率达81%),城镇化和农业开发对生态资产的不利影响不容忽视(贡献率达-6.81%)。研究表明,对重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效显著,同时还有较大提升空间。本研究也为优化重点生态功能区的城镇化和农业开发的管理提供了证据和参考。     

Understanding transitions in farming systems and their effects on livestock rearing and smallholder livelihoods in Telangana,India

Increasing food demands are causing rapid transitions in farming systems, often involving intensified land and resource use. While transitioning has benefits regarding poverty alleviation and food outputs, it also causes environmental and social issues over time. This study aims to understand the transitions in farming systems in a region in Telangana, from 1997 to 2015, and their effect on livestock rearing and smallholder livelihoods. We also examine the impact of the transitions on lower caste groups and women in particular. We collected data using a combination of methods, i.e., a household survey, focus group discussions, and secondary data sources, to build a comprehensive picture of the transitions in the region. We found that subsistence mixed farming systems transitioned to market-orientated specialized systems over a short time span. As the transition process gained momentum, households either intensified their production or got marginalized. Technological interventions, development programs with integrated approaches, and market demand for certain agricultural produce triggered increased regional production but also led to the scarcity of water, land, and labor. The transitions marginalized some of the households, changed the role of livestock in farming, and have been inclusive of both lower caste groups and women in terms of increased ownership of large ruminants and access to technologies. However, for women specifically, further increase in workload in the context of farming is also found.     

中国农村发展的可持续走向

从三种生产的视角看，农村发展的可持续方向是指农村发展趋向于三种生产的和谐运行与环境社会系统的稳定演进。获得“经济-社会-环境”整体高效益。资源环境问题是与一定的发展模式相伴而生的，针对中国农村地区的资源环境问题，通过深入剖析城乡整体、城乡之间以及农村内部三种生产的状况，提出改善中国农村发展状况的对策。     

可持续发展思想形成的理性基础

对可持续发展进行理性的思考与规范研究 ,对于可持续发展理论的发展与完善 ,对于可持续发展学的构建 ,对于可持续发展战略的科学制定与施行 ,对于规范可持续发展的实证研究 ,对于系统反思可持续发展的实践行为 ,具有重要的意义。本文认为可持续发展思想的形成是以对“人地关系”历史的正确认识、对“发展”涵义的正确认识和对“人类的位置”的正确认识为理性基础的 ,并对此逐一进行了阐释     

乡村旅游地生态系统安全评估研究——以岷江上游干温河谷区为例

以岷江上游干温河谷乡村旅游生态系统为研究对象,根据“压力一状态一响应”模型原理,运用构建的乡村旅游生态系统安全评估体系,在确定系统不安全指数和评价指标权重的基础上,评价乡村旅游生态系统的不安全度。研究表明,在羌族乡村旅游发展过程中,生态系统质量、生物物种质量、森林覆盖率等指标成为岷江上游干温河谷系统安全的重要限制因素,而生态建设能力和环境保护意识成为生态安全响应能力的主要限制因素。研究不仅为岷江干温河谷生态环境的人文治理途径提供借鉴,也将为震后羌族区域经济恢复与持续发展提供决策指导。