论基于多元联系数的集对分析评价模型

集对分析是一种处理不确定性问题的系统分析方法,利用该方法对系统危险性进行了评价,指出了多元联系数集对分析方法在系统危险性评价中存在的不足,探讨了其应用条件,提出了与系统级别特征值相结合来判断系统危险性级别的方法,并给出了多元联系数集对分析的评价程序。实例表明,该方法科学、可行,为系统危险性评价提供了一种新的思路。     

芳香烃在简单盐水溶液中ks值的计算

运用分子拓扑理论探讨了芳香烃在简单盐水溶液中盐效应常数ks与芳香烃和盐结构之间的定量关系,提出了新的拓扑指数,给出了新的计算方法,也计算了盐效应常数ks 的各种理论值,并与实验值进行了比较,证实了新方法的计算值最接近实际.     

取代芳烃的自相关拓扑与其生物活性、性质的关系研究

本文提出表征原子生物活性的特征值（Ａｉ）,由Ａｉ建构自相关拓扑指数。其中１阶指数＾１Ｆ与氯代苯的８种理化性质的相关性优于Ｋｉｅｒ的＾１ｘ＾ｖ,＾１Ｆ与１７种取代芳烃ｌｇＫＯＷ的相关系数为０．９９４９,计算值与实验值非常吻合,取代芳烃对水生生物急性毒性与＾１Ｆ的线性回归方程如下：发光菌：－ｌｇＥＣ５０＝２．６７７＋０．０１５＾１ｆ,ｎ＝３０,ｒ＝０．９４３,ｓ＝０．２０５,保鲦鱼：－ｌｇＬＣ５０＝２     

连接性指数对脂肪醇的QSPR/QSAR研究

用碳原子取代醇中的氧,构造出极性很小、结构和原化合物相似的分子.定义原子特征值f_i=1 sum h_(ij),并在邻接矩阵的基础上,建立该化合物的连接性指数~mG,~mG=sum(f_i·f_i·f_k…)~0.5,其中,~0C=sum(f_i)~0.5.G=sum(f_i·f_i)~0.5.~mG对脂肪醇异构体具有很强的区分能力,且~0G与醇的-lgS_w,lgK_ow均有良好的相关性,复相关系数均在0.99以上.~0G具有物理意义明确,计算简单等优点.     

盐胁迫下耐盐与盐敏感水稻的RAPD和POD同工酶检测

对耐盐、一般耐盐和盐敏感３种水稻材料进行了ＲＡＰＤ和同工酶检测,结果发现：３３个引物（Ｎ－１－Ｎ－１２,Ｓ４５０－Ｓ４７０）中,２７个引物具有拉增产物,拉增片段大小分布在０．２－３．４ｋｂ之间,说明在一定程度上反映了３种对盐具有不同耐盐性水稻在基因组ＤＮＡ分子水平上的差异,以Ｓ４５０为引物,在强耐盐的７７９中扩增出１个１．１ｋｂ的特异ＤＮＡ片段（Ｓ４５０１１００）,而在对盐敏感的早花２号中,以Ｎ－     

用直接加热代替水浴加热测定高锰酸盐指数

在地表水高锰酸盐指数酸性法分析中,通过对2种加热方法的实验对比,结果表明,直接加热法具有省时、省力,且精密度、准确度均能满足环境监测规范要求等优点,特别适用于大批量样品分析。     

Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of India

Soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. Our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (FYM), and crop management practices on a semiarid Inceptisol in India. Soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) near New Delhi were used. Plots receiving optimum NPK, super optimum NPK and optimum NPK + FYM had better values for all the parameters analyzed. Biological, chemical, and physical soil quality indicator data were transformed into scores (0 to 1) using both linear and non-linear scoring functions, and combined into soil quality indices using unscreened transformations, regression equation, or principal component analysis (PCA). Long-term application of optimum inorganic fertilizers (NPK) resulted in higher soil quality ratings for all methods, although the highest values were obtained for treatment, which included FYM. Correlations between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and the various soil quality indices showed the best relationship (highest r) between yield and a PCA-derived SQI. Differences in SQI values suggest that the control (no NPK, no manure) and N only treatments were degrading, while soils receiving animal manure (FYM) or super optimum NPK fertilizer had the best soil quality, respectively. Lower ratings associated with the N only and NP treatments suggest that one of the most common soil management practices in India may not be sustainable. A framework for soil quality assessment is proposed.     

区域水资源可持续利用评价的FAHP-PP模型

正确评价区域水资源可持续利用,对区域社会、经济的可持续发展以及生态环境的良性循环都具有重要意义,而区域水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法研究是水资源可持续利用研究的基础。借鉴现有评价指标体系的优点,并充分考虑现有评价指标体系所忽略的某些环境因素对水资源可持续利用的影响,针对区域社会-经济-环境复合系统的特点,提出了由区域水资源条件、水资源开发利用程度、区域水资源与社会协调程度、区域水资源与环境协调程度4个子系统及评价指标组成的区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系。根据水资源系统的随机性、模糊性等特性以及系统评价的公正、客观要求,为规避评价方法的主观性与客观性影响,分别应用主观性较强的模糊层次分析法（FAHP）与客观性较强的投影寻踪模型（PP）对区域水资源可持续利用水平进行评价,并将两种方法的评价结果进行加权求和以实现优势互补,以此建立了区域水资源评价的一种新模型（FAHP PP）,然后通过以上海市1998～2007年水资源可持续利用情况为例对该评价指标体系的合理性及方法的有效性进行了说明.     

基于WRF模式的云南省干旱发生风险的预测分析

云南省作为西部大开发的典型省份之一,有着独特的自然环境和资源禀赋,但同时全省地形复杂多变且处于气候带的脆弱区,气候变率相当大.本研究在分析云南省近30年的土地利用/土地覆被变化的前提下,采用中尺度天气研究与预报Weather Researchand Forecasting (WRF)模式系统,对云南省未来40年干旱发生风险进行了预测分析.研究首先对WRF模式系统适用性进行了验证,重点分析了气温和降水两个主要干旱影响因子的未来时空变异特征.然后根据WRF模式系统的输出结果,选取了系列气象干旱指标因子,并采用综合气象干旱指数计算方法在空间和时间上对干旱发生风险进行了预测.从研究结果来看,加强对现用森林资源的保护,执行长期有效的生态工程建设,可以很大程度上减缓未来干旱发生频率.同时云南省当前“城市上山”等政策实施中也应考虑到建设用地扩张的不可逆转性,避免城市盲目上山.研究指出,未来区域发展规划应该对人为土地利用进行长期且合理有效部署,减少政策的不确定性,合理的区域发展规划是应对干旱风险的有效举措.     

Study on Community Diversity of Coastal Shelter Forest in Jiaonan

Evaluating the biodiversity of previous and current species in a forest community is an important task. Some methodological researches and effective applications have been carried out widely in the temperate upland zone. However, they lack related researches in coastal shelter forests. This paper attempts to analyze them for Jiaonan coastal forest communities from the following three aspects, the relationship between plant biodiversity structure and its environment, the nexus between biodivers…