WNS型锅炉烟管管端热应力裂纹原因分析

热应力破坏是锅炉烟管管端产生裂纹的主要原因.本文通过对一起WNS型锅炉因烟管管端伸出长度过长及受热面结垢导致烟管管端长期处于过热而产生裂纹泄漏的案例进行分析,模拟计算了水垢厚度对金属壁温的影响,并提出相关预防措施.     

Interactive effects of multiscale diversification practices on farmland bird stress

Farmland diversification practices (i.e., methods used to produce food sustainably by enhancing biodiversity in cropping systems) are sometimes considered beneficial to both agriculture and biodiversity, but most studies of these practices rely on species richness, diversity, or abundance as a proxy for habitat quality. Biodiversity assessments may miss early clues that populations are imperiled when species presence does not imply persistence. Physiological stress indicators may help identify low-quality habitats before population declines occur. We explored how avian stress indicators respond to on-farm management practices and surrounding seminatural area (1-km radius) across 21 California strawberry farms. We examined whether commonly used biodiversity metrics correlate with stress responses in wild birds. We used ∼1000 blood and feather samples and body mass and wing chord measurements, mostly from passerines, to test the effects of diversification practices on four physiological stress indicators: heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H:L), body condition, hematocrit values, and feather growth rates of individual birds. We then tested the relationship between physiological stress indicators and species richness, abundance, occurrence, and diversity derived from 285 bird point count surveys. After accounting for other biological drivers, landscape context mediated the effect of local farm management on H:L and body condition. Local diversification practices were associated with reduced individual stress in intensive agricultural landscapes but increased it in landscapes surrounded by relatively more seminatural area. Feathers grew more slowly in landscapes dominated by strawberry production, suggesting that nutritional condition was lower here than in landscapes with more crop types and seminatural areas. We found scant evidence that species richness, abundance, occurrence, or diversity metrics were correlated with the individual's physiological stress, suggesting that reliance on these metrics may obscure the impacts of management on species persistence. Our findings underscore the importance of considering landscape context when designing local management strategies to promote wildlife conservation.     

Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺), and T-cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19⁺ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cells (particularly CD8⁺ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.     

Responses of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa), a new reclamation species, to cyclic moisture stress

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) to six levels of cyclic soil moisture stresses in a 17-week period. The results showed that the cultivar continued to grow and the biomass continued to increase even when the soil moisture stress was as high as at the wilting point (1500 Kpa). Also, transpiration recovery rate was quick and values of root/shoot ratio were high when the plant was subject to the cyclic moisture stress condition. All these characteristics, along with strong rooting and spreading ability, suggest this legume as a promising drought hardiness species for reclamation purposes.     

震后冀东岩溶地质灾害与防治

唐山地震后冀东地区不断发生的岩溶地质灾害，分别与震区地壳应力骤增、岩溶发育、覆盖层薄、地下水活动强及抽排蓄水措施不当有关。用加强管理和排截堵方法已减轻了灾害损失。     

SYNTHESIS OF DATA FROM STUDIES BY THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION WATER-QUALITY PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: From 1986 to 1993, the National Irrigation Water-Quality Program (NIWQP) of the U.S. Department of the Interior studied whether contamination was induced by irrigation drainage in 26 areas of the Western United States. In 1992, a study to evaluate and synthesize data collected during these 26 investigations began. Selenium, boron, and molybdenum are the trace elements and DDT the pesticide most commonly found in surface water at concentrations exceeding chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. In six of the areas, the median selenium concentration exceeded the criterion. Aquatic-life criteria have not been developed for uranium, but the median uranium concentration exceeded the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water in seven areas. A principal components analysis indicates that severity of selenium contamination is not related to the severity of contamination by boron, molybdenum, and arsenic. Arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and selenium concentrations are nearly the same in both filtered and unfiltered samples, which indicates that contaminant concentrations in filtered samples can be directly compared with biological-effects data developed using unfiltered samples. At a given site, selenium concentrations in surface water can change by an order of magnitude during the course of a year and from one year to another.     

Control of arsenic Pollution from waste gases during fabrication of semiconductor

ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆａｒｓｅｎｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｗａｓｔｅｇａｓｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｆａｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒＷｅｎＲｕｉｍｅｉ；ＬｉａｎｇＪｕｎｗｕ；ＤｅｎｇＬｉｓｈｅｎｇ；ＰｅｎｇＹｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

硫酸生产废水中砷去除方法的研究

对硫酸生产中水洗净化工序排放的废水分别采用灰灰石和鼓风氧化法,铁屑法和铁盐法进行处理试验,结果表明,采用铁盐法级处理工艺处理废废水是可行的,控制组处理的ＰＨ分别为８－１０和８－９,Ｆｅ／Ａｓ摩尔比分别为１和５,当进水Ａｓ含量为１１５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,经两组处理后,出水Ａｓ含量〈０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,重金属离子,ＰＨ,ＳＳ等指标均符合国家排放标准。     

砷超富集植物的热解特征及其与砷含量的关系

不同热解气氛和升温速率的比较研究表明,在空气气氛条件和25℃·min-1的升温速率下,砷超富集植物的热解曲线特征明显且实验速度适中,因此,是适用于砷超富集植物的热解实验条件.在该实验条件下,不同含砷浓度的蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)和大叶井口边草(P.cretica L.)的热解温度主要集中在200～500℃之间.与低砷蜈蚣草相比,高砷蜈蚣草在300℃附近热解减弱,而在450℃附近热解加剧,蜈蚣草体内的砷有促使其热解过程向高温方向偏移的趋势;而大叶井口边草体内的砷则促使其在300℃附近热分解程度加剧,而对450℃附近的热解程度影响不明显.