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191.
192.
天然水体中铝浓度的预测方法探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文概括了天然水体中铝的形态分类和地球化学行为,综述了天然水体中Al^3+和有机铝的浓度的预测方法,提出了由矿物浓度积,无机铝和有机铝经验关系式,有机铝模型辅以配体浓度和热力学常数预测天然水体中各形态铝的浓度的方法。 相似文献
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为揭示浅水湖泊沉积物中氮的积累及其与水生植物间的关系,1993年11月在东太湖42个样点上采集了沉积物柱状样品并进行了分析。东太湖硬度小于5kgf/cm2的松软淤积层平均厚度0.96m,全湖淤积量149×106t。粉沙质淤积物中总氮(TN)含量0.009%~0.801%,总有机碳(TOC)含量0.01%~17.36%,变幅极为悬殊。总氮含量与总有机碳含量间呈密切的线性正相关TN(%)=0.0251TOC(%)+0.0063,表层沉积物中总氮和总有机碳含量都与水生植物的现存量有较为显著的正相关。这说明,氮和有机碳主要经过水生植物的生物沉积途径进入沉积物,水生植物有将湖水中的氮传输到底泥中,使其进入地球化学循环的功能,这对于降低湖水中的氮含量、防止富营养化有积极的意义 相似文献
195.
P. H. Doering R. H. Chamberlain 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(4):793-806
ABSTRACT: The Caloosahatchee River has two major sources of freshwater one from its watershed and the other via an artificial connection to Lake Okeechobee. The contribution of each source to the freshwater discharge reaching the downstream estuary varies and either may dominate. Routine monitoring data were analyzed to determine the effects of total river discharge and source of discharge (river basin, lake) on water quality in the downstream estuary. Parameters examined were: color, total suspended solids, light attenuation, chlorophyll a, and total and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, the concentrations of color, and total and dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased, and total suspended solids decreased, as total discharge increased. When the river basin was the major source, the concentrations of nutrients (excepting ammonia) and color in the estuary were relatively higher than when the lake was the major source. Light attenuation was greater when the river basin dominated freshwater discharge to the estuary. The analysis indicates that water quality in the downstream estuary changes as a function of both total discharge and source of discharge. Relative to discharge from the river basin, releases from Lake Okeechobee do not detectably increase concentrations of nutrients, color, or TSS in the estuary. 相似文献
196.
S. W. Hostetler E. E. Small 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1625-1637
ABSTRACT: We apply a physically based lake model to assess the response of North American lakes to future climate conditions as portrayed by the transient trace-gas simulations conducted with the Max Planck Institute (ECHAM4) and the Canadian Climate Center (CGCM1) atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (A/OGCMs). To quantify spatial patterns of lake responses (temperature, mixing, ice cover, evaporation) we ran the lake model for theoretical lakes of specified area, depth, and transparency over a uniformly spaced (50 km) grid. The simulations were conducted for two 10-year periods that represent present climatic conditions and those around the time of CO2 doubling. Although the climate model output produces simulated lake responses that differ in specific regional details, there is broad agreement with regard to the direction and area of change. In particular, lake temperatures are generally warmer in the future as a result of warmer climatic conditions and a substantial loss (> 100 days/yr) of winter ice cover. Simulated summer lake temperatures are higher than 30°C over the Midwest and south, suggesting the potential for future disturbance of existing aquatic ecosystems. Overall increases in lake evaporation combine with disparate changes in A/OGCM precipitation to produce future changes in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) that are of less fidelity than those of lake temperature. 相似文献
197.
烷基苯磺酸钠对水生动物的生物效应研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过洗涤剂的主要成分—烷基苯磺酸钠对大型蚤和鲤鱼的毒性试验,说明烷基苯磺酸钠的毒性属中等。对大型蚤24hEC50为7.23mg/L,48hEC50为3.83mg/L;对鲤鱼48hLC50为3.74mg/L,96hLC50为2.23mg/L。鲤鱼生活在0.5mg/L的烷基苯磺酸钠溶液中,15d就能引起鳃的损伤。 相似文献
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199.
开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫——麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1 286 ℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757 ℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。 相似文献
200.
Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view. 相似文献