Evolution of Radiocontamination of the Northern and Middle Adriatic Sea in the Period 1979-1990

Several investigations were carried out on biotic and abiotic samples to determine the difference between Chernobyl and preChernobyl environmental radiocontamination of the Adriatic Sea. Special emphasis was put on the determination of ¹³⁷Cs which resulted in the most abundant radionuclide in a wide variety of samples (sea water, sediment, pelagic and benthic species). Attention was also given to the neutron activation products ^110mAg and ¹³⁴Cs that were first discovered in the Adriatic ecosystem after the Chernobyl event in particular, although the ¹¹⁰Ag fallout deposition over the area was neglected in comparison to that of ¹³⁷Cs, its bioaccumulation in macroalgae and molluscs was much higher suggesting some particular physiological accumulation mechanism.     

WATER LEVEL MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT,POOL 5 MISSISSIPPI RWER1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the potential to manage Mississippi River water levels for ecological benefits. The study focuses on the Weaver Bottoms, a 4,000 acre backwater marsh in southeastern Minnesota (Pool 5) highly valued for fish and wildlife habitat. The Weaver Bottoms has suffered increasing loss of aquatic vegetation and associated habitat degradation since the 1960s, largely due to persistent high water, sedimentation, wave re-suspension of sediments, and poor light penetration. In other reaches of the Mississippi River, water level reductions exposing backwater sediments have produced strong vegetative responses due to subaerial exposure of seeds and sediment compaction. Water level management scenarios for Pool 5 were developed using the HEC-2 water surface profile model. Results indicate that in many years it would be possible to reduce water levels sufficiently to expose much of the Weaver Bottoms, generating a substantial vegetative response. Additional benefits could be expected since both sediment compaction and increased vegetation would reduce re-suspension of sediments. Shifting management priorities to improve habitat would temporarily impact many river users, including both commercial and recreational boaters. Water level reductions must be coordinated with their needs.     

滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统水产品中多环芳烃含量水平分析

为了掌握滩涂红树林种植-养殖耦合系统中水产品中多环芳烃的污染情况,保证系统中水产品的品质和食用安全,采用高效液相色谱仪检测了系统中秋茄、桐花树和木榄等养殖塘罗非鱼、鲻鱼和牡蛎体内的13种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons,PAHs）[Fluorene（Flu）、Phenanthrene（Phe）、Anthracene（Ant）、Fluoranthene（Fla）、Pyrene（Pyr）、Benz[a]anthraces（BaA）、Chrysene（Chr）、Benzo[b]fluoranthene（BbF）、Benzo[k]fluoranthene（BkF）、Benzo[a]Pyrene（BaP）、Dibenzo[a,h]anthercene（DahA）、Benzo[g,h,i]perylene（BghiP）、Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene（InP）],分析研究其污染水平并进行食品安全评价.结果表明,牡蛎体内的TPAHs含量最高,干重浓度范围在89.79～98.49μg.kg-1之间;鲻鱼次之,干重浓度范围在25.97～34.64μg.kg-1之间;罗非鱼的TPAHs含量最低,干重浓度范围在12.31～14.41μg.kg-1之间.3环PAHs是主要组成成分,占TPAHs的41.58%～83.35%.脂肪含量是影响不同种类水产品间TPAHs浓度水平的因素.与国内其它地区相比,研究区域水产品内PAHs污染处于轻度的污染水平.3类水产品的湿重等效ΣBaP浓度值在0.068 9～1.037 3μg.kg-1之间,符合欧盟对苯并[a]芘的限值要求.研究区域水产品内PAHs在安全食用范围内.     

潜流人工湿地去除效果研究

在连续运行条件下,采用水平潜流人工湿地净化低浓度的生活污水,考察了其净化效果。结果表明,该系统能够有效的降低生活污水中的COD、TN、TP,适合于城镇生活污水的处理。在0.1、0.2 m3/(m2.d)的水力负荷条件下,系统较容易出现死水区;当0.3 m3/(m2·d)的水力负荷条件下,水流呈推流状态,有效容积和水力效率得到提高,去除率分别为90.3%、86.6%和96.7%。试验表明,适当增加水力负荷,有利于污染物的去除。     

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用

微生物燃料电池(MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点。目前该领域仍处于实验阶段,研究用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素,对其实际应用有重要的指导意义。本研究以厌氧活性污泥为菌源,醋酸钠为底物,考察影响微生物燃料电池(MFC)处理模拟有机废水的主要因素及处理效果。结果表明:该MFC在产电的同时净化废水,其输出功率密度、产电量与初始COD呈函数关系,混合菌群可降低反应初期溶解氧对COD去除率和pH的影响。     

福州市饮用水源地农村污水处理技术探讨

为研究适合农村生活污水处理的方法,对农村生活污水的排放特征和处理技术进行了探索,建立了适合福州饮用水源地农村污水处理的组合技术,并建立了示范工程。     

海域水质模型参数动态反演方法研究初探

海域水质模型长周期数值模拟中,模型参数全时段统一赋值的方法忽略了参数随时间动态变化的物理特性,降低了模型的可靠性,增加了海域水质模型验证工作的难度.本文建立了将数据驱动模型和水质模型有机结合的参数动态反演的新方法:以水质模型多参数设计工况的数值模拟,构建海域内部观测点污染物浓度响应解集,并将解集划分为若干时段;应用基于人工神经网络的数据驱动模型归纳建立观测点每一时段内污染物浓度同多个模型参数之间的非线性关系;将实测资料带入关系中,进行模型参数随时间变化的动态反演.以渤海海域水质模型为例,采用“孪生”实验验证参数动态反演新方法的可行性,结果表明该方法是有效的,能够保证模拟周期内较高的数值精度,提高了模型的准确性.     

基于水生态功能区的巢湖环湖带生态服务功能评价

水生态功能区被认为是流域生态环境保护、治理与修复的基本单元,以其为基础进行生态服务功能评估对于流域内的土地利用结构优化配置、生态环境保护、治理与修复等都有重要的意义。选取巢湖环湖带,采用物质量的方法,对其12种生态服务功能进行评价,其中陆域生态系统4种,水域生态系统8种。研究结果表明:(1)研究区生态系统服务功能空间差异明显,南部和东北部较高,西北部和东南部较低;而研究区单位面积生态服务功能西部较高,东部较低;(2)生态服务功能总量较高的区域,其单位面积生态服务功能并不一定高;(3)环湖带生态系统服务功能的管理和恢复既要考虑生态服务功能总量的大小,也要考虑单位面积生态服务功能的大小,依据实际情况区别对待,生态服务功能较强的地区,应积极发挥其生态功能的优势,在保护与治理并重的情况下充分发挥其生态服务功能;生态服务功能较弱的地区,应采取一定的措施,在保护的基础上对其生态服务功能进行恢复。     

关于水生生态系统中汞的国内外研究进展评述

本文介绍了国内外对于水生生态系统中汞的生物地球化学循环研究的各项进展,从汞对水生动植物的毒性、汞的迁移转化、甲基汞的形成以及甲基汞对食物链及人体健康的影响等几方面进行评述。     

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment (Moreton Bay,Australia)

Surface water methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments (Bramble Bay and Deception Bay, which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010–2012. Water–air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH₄ and N₂O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH₄ and N₂O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays. During the seven seasons, CH₄ varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N₂O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH₄ fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH₄/(m²·day) while N₂O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg N₂O/(m²·day). Weighted emissions (t CO₂-e) were 63%–90% N₂O dominated implying that a reduction in N₂O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH₄ and N₂O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.