蒸发塔技术用于脱硫废水的处理

脱硫废水水质复杂、含有重金属,处理难度很大,为此开发了一种新型的脱硫废水处理技术——蒸发塔技术,可以实现脱硫废水的零排放。在实验室搭建了小型蒸发塔实验台,对脱硫废水的蒸发特性、热量衡算进行了研究。研究表明：导流板角度一定的情况下,脱硫废水主蒸发区在塔体中心位置,随着脱硫废水处理量的增加,主蒸发区域向塔壁和塔体下部偏移;导流板角度减小,高温区下移;雾矩受给液量和雾化器转速的双重影响,给液量越大,雾矩越大,转速越大,雾矩越小;塔径一定的条件下,适当调节进风量和导流板角度可增加脱硫废水的处理量;模拟计算表明,蒸发系统抽取热烟气量较少,不会对电厂热系统产生明显影响。     

小型圆环状尖端脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器的研制

本文介绍一种小型的脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器 ,它采用圆环状尖端电晕极 ,电晕放电稳定 ,放电电流较集中 ,不容易产生火花放电     

膜蒸馏处理页岩气井压裂返排液

页岩气压裂返排液的有效处理是页岩气开发急需解决的关键环保问题之一。针对新页HF-1井页岩气压裂返排液经预氧化结合湿式氧化（PO-WAO）工艺处理的出水COD不达标、含盐量高等技术难题,采用膜蒸馏处理技术对工艺的出水进行深度处理。通过膜蒸馏单因素和正交实验表明料液温度和冷凝温度对膜蒸馏处理效果影响较大,在料液温度、冷凝液温度、真空度、运行时间分别为80℃、8℃、0.090 MPa和60 min的最佳工艺条件下,膜通量可达1.750 L·（m2·h）-1,出水COD浓度为95.8 mg·L-1,出水水质可满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）中一级排放的要求。膜蒸馏出水中电导率为63 μS·cm-1,氯化钠的质量浓度为1.168 0 mg·L-1,可有效降低处理后的压裂废液对周围土壤的盐碱化伤害。     

Enhanced experimental flexibility and control in ecotoxicological mesocosm experiments--a new outdoor and indoor pond and stream system

Scope The German Federal Environmental Agency has put into operation a new modular mesocosm system consisting of eight outdoor and eight indoor ponds and streams in order to investigate fate and effects of chemicals and municipal wastewater in aquatic ecosystems. General design and special characteristics are given to demonstrate the wide range of possibilities for experimental research. - General design. Each of the 16 streams with riffle and pool sections can be varied in length up to 106 m. The streams can be run as circular or flow-through systems at a flow velocity of 0.02 to 0.6 m/s. Physico-chemical standard parameters are measured on-line. The 16 ponds, which can be connected to the stream systems, are equipped with drainage and pore water-sampling devices for simulating processes in the littoral zone including influent and effluent ground water flow. Perspectives Since the highly flexible and controllable construction also allows treating a wide range of hydrological and ecological experiments external institutions are invited to submit proposals.     

微波无极灯：一种具有前景的高效光催化光源

微波无极灯具有制造容易、价格低廉、能耗小和光强大等优点.作为光催化氧化的光源时,由于微波的协同作用可有效提高光催化活性,并能简化反应器.从发光机理、微波协同作用、优缺点和影响因素等方面,对微波无极灯在光催化领域的研究进行详细阐述.     

液中放电应用于TNT废水的降解

研究了液中放电处理ＴＮＴ废水的可行性及其能量效率关系。实验结果表明,液中放电法可以快速有效地降解废水中的ＴＮＴ。在单次电储能为２５０Ｊ。电极距离为５ｍｍ,ＴＮＴ初始浓度为３６ｍｇ／Ｌ条件下,降解率达８５％。     

人工河流沉积物中磷的分布特征及其形态研究：以肇兰新河为例

以黑龙江省肇兰新河流域为研究对象,在调查区域水质和沉积物基本理化性质的基础上,采用SMT化学提取方法分析流域内表层、柱状沉积物中磷形态及含量,明确了人工河流沉积物各形态磷的空间分布特征。结合上覆水与沉积物理化性质,探讨了影响人工河流沉积物磷形态及释放因素。结果表明,肇兰新河流域内水体TP均值为2.61 mg·L⁻¹,属于劣V类水体。沉积物的TP为692.91~2 197.87 mg·kg⁻¹,整体处于中度污染水平。沉积物中Fe/Al-P含量占比较高。通过相关性分析发现,上覆水中ORP是影响OP、Fe/Al-P迁移的重要环境因子,沉积物中TC、OM、Fe含量是影响OP含量的重要因素。作为一条典型人工河流,肇兰新河流域磷污染负荷严重,相比自然河流形态结构单一,缓冲能力和纳污能力较弱。本研究可为了解人工河流沉积物磷形态及其含量,并进行流域污染防控提供参考。     

甲苯吸附-DBD等离子体再生循环体系

采用Mn-Ag/HY和γ-Al2O3小球的混合物(质量比为1∶2)为催化剂,吸附气态甲苯,利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体对催化剂进行再生,并用SEM、BET和FT-IR仪器对再生后的催化剂进行表征,考察等离子体再生循环次数对催化剂结构及吸附性能的影响。结果表明:DBD等离子体可以有效地恢复催化剂的吸附能力,经过10次连续吸附-再生,催化剂仍保持较高的吸附水平,再生率可达71.47%;随再生次数增加,再生率下降,其中第1次的再生率最大,为100%;此外,将DBD再生10次的催化剂进行程序升温氧化(TPO),其吸附性能可得到恢复,再生20次后催化剂的再生率达62%以上。再生前后催化剂表征结果表明,Mn-Ag/HY与γ-Al2O3孔隙结构、表面化学官能团的变化以及其他残留有机物是导致再生率随着再生次数的增加而下降的原因。     

电晕-介质阻挡协同放电降解连续流丙酮

利用自制等离子体反应器开展电晕-介质阻挡协同放电降解连续流丙酮研究,利用均匀设计法获得适宜的丙酮降解参数及其相互关联性,通过解析电晕-介质阻挡协同放电机理,结合丙酮降解热力学性能分析,获得影响丙酮降解的主要因素。结果表明：丙酮降解的适宜条件为反应器电压9.60 kV、空气流量1.4 L·min-1、在丙酮气体流量20 mL·min-1的连续流体系下,电晕-介质阻挡协同放电3 min、初始质量浓度为1.807 mg·L-1的丙酮单次循环降解率可达35.01%。解析等离子体放电过程和热力学性质发现,丙酮降解受协同放电活性粒子与反应温度的双重影响。     

Inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage by streamer corona discharge in water

Electrical discharge processes are emerging as water treatment technologies applicable to both the degradation of organic contaminants as well as inactivation of pathogens. Particularly as a disinfection technology, electrical discharge processes do not produce toxic byproducts, and effectively inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms by multiple lethal actions generated by the formation of plasma channels. This study demonstrates the inactivation of a virus using the streamer corona discharge process (SCDP) with MS2 phage as a surrogate. A rapid inactivation of MS2 phage (i.e., approximately 4 log inactivation in 5 min) was observed in all experimental runs conducted. Discharge conditions such as applied voltage and storage capacitance significantly affected the inactivation efficiency of MS2 phage, whereas the influence of water quality parameters was minor. In order to elucidate the mechanism of MS2 phage inactivation, potentially lethal factors that can be generated by the SCDP were selected, and their roles in the inactivation of MS2 phage were examined. As a result, effects of UV radiation, chemical oxidants, and pulsed electric fields were found to be insignificant. The shockwave generated upon plasma channel formation appears to be the most important factor responsible for MS2 phage inactivation.